A Meta-analysis of Brief Intervention Effects for Adolescents and Young Adults

说明(由申请人提供)：拟议的项目将使用荟萃分析技术来分析短暂酒精干预对青少年酒精和其他非法物质使用结果的影响。通过系统地综合关于短暂酒精干预效果的研究结果，拟议的项目将评估这种干预形式有效性的证据，哪些干预变体最有效，以及这些干预对谁最有效。该项目的具体目标是：1)评估短期酒精干预措施对青少年酒精和其他非法物质使用的总体影响；2)检查短暂干预措施的效果是否随着时间的推移保持不变；3)调查干预效果与参与者特征(如年龄、性别、精神疾病、基线药物使用)之间的关系；4)确定影响最大的短暂干预措施的特点(如剂量、类型、环境)。拟议的项目将汇编一个荟萃分析数据库，其中包含来自实验和准实验研究语料库的详细信息，以考察短暂酒精干预对青少年和年轻人的影响。符合纳入条件的研究将包括那些涉及明确旨在防止或减少25岁或25岁以下参与者饮酒的简短干预措施的研究。详细信息将从与一般研究特征(例如，地点、发表年份、方法设计)、干预特征(例如，计算机化、分组设置)、参与者特征(例如，年龄、性别、种族/族裔、精神共病、既往酗酒和药物使用)以及对目标结果的影响的大小有关的研究报告中提取。所有语言的已发表和未发表的研究将有资格被纳入。标准化平均差异效应大小将被用来表示与酒精和物质使用相关的结果。具有稳健标准差的随机效应、主效应和元回归模型将被用来估计干预效果以及参与者和干预特征的调节作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project will use meta-analytic techniques to analyze the effects of brief alcohol interventions on adolescent and young adults' alcohol and other illicit substance use outcomes. By systematically synthesizing research findings on the effects of brief alcohol interventions, the proposed project will assess the evidence for the effectiveness of this form of intervention, which intervention variants are most effective, and for whom these interventions are most effective. The specific aims of the project are to 1) assess the overall effects of brief alcohol interventions on adolescent and young adults' alcohol and other illicit substance use, 2) examine whether the effects of brief interventions are maintained over time, 3) investigate the relationship between intervention effects and participant characteristics (e.g., age, gender, psychiatric comorbidity, baseline substance use), and 4) identify the characteristics of the brief interventions (e.g. dosage, type, setting) that show the largest effects. The proposed project will compile a meta-analytic database of detailed information from the corpus of experimental and quasi-experimental studies examining the effects of brief alcohol interventions for adolescent and young adults. Studies eligible for inclusion will be those involving a brief intervention explicitly intended to prevent or reduce alcohol use for participants age 25 or younger. Detailed information will be extracted from study reports related to general study characteristics (e.g., location, year of publication, methodological design), intervention characteristics (e.g., computerized, group setting), participant characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, psychiatric comorbidity, prior alcohol and substance use), and the magnitude of the effects on the targeted outcomes. Published and unpublished studies in all languages will be eligible for inclusion. Standardized mean difference effect sizes will be used to represent the alcohol and substance use related outcomes. Random effects main effects and meta-regression models with robust standard errors will be used to estimate intervention effects and the moderating role of participant and intervention characteristics.