Progression and Clustering of Marijuana Use in African American Neighborhoods

非裔美国人社区大麻使用的进展和聚集

• 批准号: 8368584
• 负责人: BETH A. REBOUSSIN
• 金额: $ 21.28万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8368584
• 关键词: Adolescence; African American; Age; Attention Concentration; Attitude; Behavior; Belief; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Childhood; Cigarette; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Demographic Factors; Dependence; Development; Disease; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Economically Deprived Population; Environment; Epidemiology; Equation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family; Friends; Generations; Goals; Individual; Intervention Studies; Lead; Life; Logistic Regressions; Low income; Marijuana Smoking; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Morphologic artifacts; Neighborhoods; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Peer Pressure; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical environment; Police; Population; Prevention; Prevention program; Process; Records; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Series; Staging; Students; Techniques; Time; Violence; Work; Youth; base; contagion; cost effective; deviant; high school; improved; innovation; middle school; peer; programs; racism; response; skills; social; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Few studies have examined patterns of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood, particularly among African Americans. African American high school students consistently exhibit higher rates of marijuana use than Whites, and in the past decade rates of abuse and dependence have increased among young adult African Americans, but not their White counterparts. Limited research suggests marijuana use continues well into young adulthood for African Americans with greater long-term consequences. There is also evidence that African Americans initiate marijuana use prior to cigarettes in contrast to the 'gateway hypothesis'; a recent study suggests this pattern of initiation may be associated with poorer physical environments, greater exposure to drugs and more neglectful parents. Previous work suggests that differential rates and patterns of marijuana use in African Americans are attributable, in part, to differences in the importance of various ris factors. Risk factors for marijuana use, however, have not been studied extensively in African Americans, and therefore, it is unclear if the risk factors found to be important for Whites can generalize to African Americans. Further, neighborhood context which is particularly relevant for low-income urban youth who are persistently exposed to drug activity, disorder and violence, represents an important but equally understudied risk factor. The goal of this application is to conduct a series of new analyses of longitudinal data from the 2nd generation Johns Hopkins Prevention Intervention Research Center (JHPIRC) trial to examine the role of individual, social and neighborhood level factors on: (1) the process underlying developmental transitions in marijuana use from earliest opportunities to use the drug down through the later stages of drug dependence in a sample of African American youth followed from 1st grade to age 25, and (2) the clustering of marijuana use behaviors in the urban neighborhoods where they live. Our goals will be accomplished using two innovative statistical techniques~ latent transition analysis (LTA) for studying empirically-derived stages of marijuana use and alternating logistic regressions (ALR) for estimating and modeling the magnitude of clustering in neighborhoods. This is one of the few studies that follows African Americans from childhood to young adulthood and includes extensive measures of individual, family and peer factors including annual self-reported measures of the neighborhood environment and more recently, an innovative field-rater assessment of the urban, primarily economically-disadvantaged, neighborhoods where they live Findings from this innovative and cost-effective project could have a significant impact on the development of culturally-appropriate, community-wide prevention programs targeted at urban-dwelling African Americans for whom effective programs are urgently needed. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: African Americans exhibit higher rates of marijuana use than Whites and their rates of abuse and dependence are increasing. By using innovative statistical techniques and measures of the social and neighborhood environment, new understandings of the course of marijuana use and the influence of factors that are more salient in this population will lead to the development of culturally appropriate prevention programs targeted at urban-dwelling African Americans for whom effective programs are needed.

描述(由申请人提供)：很少有研究研究从青春期到成年期的大麻使用模式，特别是在非裔美国人中。非裔美国高中生的大麻使用率一直高于白人，在过去的十年里，年轻的成年非裔美国人的虐待和依赖率有所上升，但白人同龄人却没有。有限的研究表明，对于非裔美国人来说，大麻的使用一直持续到年轻的成年期，会产生更大的长期后果。也有证据表明，非裔美国人在吸烟之前开始使用大麻，这与“门户假说”相反；最近的一项研究表明，这种开始使用大麻的模式可能与较差的物理环境、更多的毒品接触和更多疏忽的父母有关。以前的工作表明，非裔美国人使用大麻的不同比率和模式部分归因于各种RIS因素重要性的差异。然而，使用大麻的风险因素还没有在非裔美国人中进行广泛的研究，因此，尚不清楚被发现对白人重要的风险因素是否可以推广到非裔美国人。此外，社区环境对长期接触毒品活动、混乱和暴力的低收入城市青年特别相关，是一个重要但同样未得到充分研究的风险因素。该应用程序的目标是对第二代约翰霍普金斯预防干预研究中心(JHPIRC)的纵向数据进行一系列新的分析，以检查个人、社会和社区层面因素在以下方面的作用：(1)从一年级到25岁的非裔美国青年样本中，大麻使用从最早使用药物的机会到药物依赖后期的潜在发展转变过程，以及(2)他们居住的城市社区大麻使用行为的集群。我们的目标将使用两种创新的统计技术来实现-潜在转移分析(LTA)用于研究大麻使用的经验派生阶段，以及交替Logistic回归(ALR)用于估计和模拟社区聚集的程度。这是为数不多的跟踪非裔美国人从童年到成年的研究之一，其中包括对个人、家庭和同龄人因素的广泛测量，包括对社区环境的年度自我报告测量，以及最近对他们所居住的城市社区(主要是经济上处于不利地位的社区)进行的创新实地评估。这个创新且具有成本效益的项目的发现可能会对针对城市居住的非裔美国人的文化适宜性、社区范围预防计划的发展产生重大影响，对这些人来说，迫切需要有效的计划。 与公共卫生相关：非洲裔美国人的大麻使用率高于白人，他们的滥用和依赖率正在上升。通过使用创新的统计技术和对社会和邻里环境的测量，对大麻使用过程的新理解以及在这一人群中更突出的因素的影响，将导致制定针对城市居民的非裔美国人的文化适当的预防方案，对他们来说，需要有效的方案。