The Impact of Product Packaging on Appeal, Knowledge and Risk Perceptions of Cannabis Edibles

项目摘要 近年来，美国大麻合法化率迅速上升。这导致了 非可燃大麻产品的扩散，如可食用产品(注入大麻的食品) 涉及吸入有毒烟雾，可慎重使用，无异味。虽然在娱乐业很受欢迎 在美国，这些产品构成了独特的公共卫生挑战。尽管可食用食品被包装成吸引人的食物 如果大麻产品被认为比其他大麻产品危害小，那么 过量消费大麻中的精神活性成分四氢大麻酚(THC)。在抽烟的时候 大麻会导致即刻的兴奋，食用大麻的中毒可以推迟两个小时或 更多，持续长达12小时。这可能会导致摄入超过推荐的服务，这可能 导致意想不到的、更强烈的、更持久的兴奋以及严重的醉酒、心血管影响， 以及精神病发作。由于大麻是在各州的基础上进行监管的，因此在 对产品包装和警告的规定，告知消费者。此外，很少有研究表明， 在可食用食品上进行，导致在理解包装和警告的影响方面存在很大差距 产品吸引力、知识、有害认知和尝试食用的意愿。R01将解决这些差距 通过测试大麻可食用产品包装的影响和警示使用受控的、实验性的 设计。首先，我们将对上市产品样本的文本和视觉包装元素进行内容分析 上网。我们将进行两个实验来评估这些元素对产品吸引力和危害的影响 感知(目标1)。接下来，我们将召集一个专家小组，评估现有的食用警告和 制定扩展警告，以传达有关剂量和严重后果的更多信息。这 警告将与一个图标配对，以增加人们的注意。警告将在实验中进行测试，以评估 它们对传播知识的影响(目标2)。最后，在一个联合实验中，我们将测试其影响 在上诉时，目标2在包装营销(目标1中确定)的背景下制定的可食用警告， 国家代表性样本中的知识、有害认知和尝试食用食品的意愿(目标3)。 鉴于合法化的快速步伐，再加上告知消费者安全的责任 消费和使用的风险，这项研究产生的科学证据将是及时的和 国家政策制定者在制定知情法规时迫切需要的，包括 交流知识，将危害降至最低。该应用程序直接响应NIDA的研究 NOT-DA-19-065(大麻公共卫生研究)概述的优先领域，包括 大麻行业的做法，如营销和对大麻使用和结果的警告。

Project Summary The rate of cannabis legalization in the U.S. has increased rapidly in recent years. This has led to the proliferation of non-combustible cannabis products, like edibles (cannabis-infused food products), that do not involve inhaling toxic smoke, can be used with discretion, and have no smell. While popular in recreational states, these products pose unique public health challenges. Although edibles are packaged as appealing food products and are perceived to be less harmful than other cannabis products, there is an increased risk for the overconsumption of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component in cannabis. While smoking cannabis results in an immediate high, intoxication from consuming edibles can be delayed up to two hours or more and last up to 12 hours. This can lead to consuming more than the recommended serving, which can result in unexpected, stronger, and longer-lasting highs as well as severe intoxication, cardiovascular effects, and psychotic episodes. Since cannabis is regulated on a state-by-state basis, there is substantial variation in the regulation of product packaging and warnings that inform consumers. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on edibles, resulting in significant gaps in understanding how packaging and warnings impact product appeal, knowledge, harm perceptions and willingness to try edibles. This R01 will address these gaps by testing the impact of cannabis edibles product packaging and warnings using controlled, experimental designs. First, we will content analyze text and visual packaging elements of a sample of products marketed online. We will conduct two experiments to evaluate the impact of these elements on product appeal and harm perceptions (Aim 1). Next, we will convene an expert panel that will evaluate existing edibles warnings and develop an expanded warning to convey additional information about dosing and acute consequences. This warning will be paired with an icon to increase attention. Warnings will be tested in an experiment to evaluate their impact on communicating knowledge (Aim 2). Finally, in a combined experiment, we will test the impact of the edible warning developed in Aim 2 in the context of package marketing (identified in Aim 1) on appeal, knowledge, harm perceptions and willingness to try edibles in a nationally representative sample (Aim 3). Given the rapid pace of legalization, coupled with the responsibility of informing consumers about safe consumption and the risks of use, the scientific evidence generated from this study will be timely and is urgently needed by state policymakers as they develop informed regulations, including best practices for communicating knowledge to minimize harms. This application is directly responsive to NIDA’s research priority areas outlined in NOT-DA-19-065 (Public Health Research on Cannabis), including the impact of cannabis industry practices like marketing and warnings on cannabis use and outcomes.