Measurement of Social-Cognitive Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Behavior

描述（由申请人提供）：作为青少年和年轻人死亡的三大主要原因之一，自杀已成为日益引起公众健康关注的问题。绝望已被确定为自杀想法和行为的认知风险因素，但绝望产生的确切思维方式以及导致自杀想法和行为的确切思维方式尚未得到很好的理解。SCORE研究进步奖的这项提议试图通过以下方式填补文献中的这一空白：1）确定两种不同亚型的沉思如何前瞻性地预测先前自杀者和非自杀者的自杀意念，2）将对未来的沉思作为个体发展绝望的另一种过程进行研究，沿着这些想法可能被改变的过程;以及3）检查绝望的特定认知内容特征，其预测未来自杀想法和行为的风险。这些目标将通过一项对年轻人样本的纵向研究来解决-筛选自杀意念和企图的历史-他们在6个月，12个月和18个月内完成了一系列认知测量。将通过混合模型回归分析数据，以检查两种言语-语言形式的反刍导致自杀意念和行为的途径。这些数据也将通过多层次模型进行分析，以检查是否对未来的沉思-用新开发的测量方法进行评估-是抑郁预测确定性和绝望发展的过程。为了检验第三个目标，本研究将利用认知流畅性范式来检验这一假设，即在预期积极的未来结果时认知流畅性降低的年轻人，沿着肯定没有积极的结果-未来自杀意念和企图的风险增加。最后，有和没有自杀意念或企图史的个体将接受训练，在心理上排练做出乐观的未来事件预测，以确定诱导乐观的未来预期是否会导致有自杀史的个体的抑郁预测确定性和绝望感降低。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将有助于理解导致自杀行为的思维过程。此外，它对自杀倾向的评估和治疗也有影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As one of the top three leading causes of death among teenagers and young adults, suicide has become an issue of increasing public health concern. Hopelessness has been identified as a cognitive risk factor for suicidal thinking and behavior, but the precise ways of thinking through which hopelessness arises and through which it leads to suicidal thoughts and behaviors is not well understood. This proposal for a SCORE Research Advancement Award seeks to fill this gap in the literature by 1) identifying differences in how two different subtypes of rumination prospectively predict suicidal ideation among previous suicide attempters and non- attempters, 2) examining rumination about the future as another type of process through which individuals develop hopelessness, along with modeling a procedure through which these thoughts might be changed; and 3) examining the specific cognitive content characteristic of hopeless that predicts risk for future suicidal thoughts and behavior. These aims will be addressed via a longitudinal study of a sample of young adults - screened for a history of suicidal ideation and attempts - who complete a battery of cognitive measures over 6, 12, and 18 months. Data will be analyzed via mixed model regression to examine the pathways through which two verbal-linguistic forms of rumination lead to suicidal ideation and behavior. These data will also be analyzed via multi-level modeling to examine whether rumination about the future - assessed with a newly- developed measure - is a procedure through which depressive predictive certainty and hopelessness develop. To examine the third aim, this study will utilize a cognitive fluency paradigm to test the hypothesis that young adults with reduced cognitive fluency in expecting positive future outcomes, along with certainty about an absence of positive outcomes -- are at increased risk of future suicidal ideation and attempts. Finally, individuals with and without a history of suicidal ideation or attempts will be trained to mentally rehearse making optimistic future-event predictions, to determine whether inducing optimistic future expectations leads to reduced depressive predictive certainty and hopelessness among individuals with a history of suicidality. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will contribute to the understanding of thinking processes that result in suicidal behavior. In addition, it has implications for the assessment and treatment of suicidality.