Attentional control by uncertainty and reward: parietal and frontal mechanisms

不确定性和奖励的注意力控制：顶叶和额叶机制

• 批准号: 8348319
• 负责人: Jacqueline Gottlieb
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8348319
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Animals; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cognitive; Commit; Complex; Cues; Decision Making; Discrimination; Disease; Eye Movements; Family; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Link; Macaca mulatta; Machine Learning; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Neurons; Organism; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Perception; Physiological; Probability; Process; Property; Rattus; Relative (related person); Resources; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; System; Testing; Uncertainty; Visual; Visual attention; Weight; addiction; attentional modulation; base; clinically significant; directed attention; discounting; expectation; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; improved; innovation; lateral intraparietal area; nonhuman primate; novel; oculomotor; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To act adaptively in complex worlds, animals require the ability identify relevant information, which helps improve their predictions and reduce the uncertainty of future actions. The selection of relevant information is accomplished by systems of attention, which have been intensively investigated in the visual domain. These studies have focused on attentional modulations of sensory perception and on mechanisms of oculomotor target selection. However, less is known about the cognitive mechanisms of attentional control: how does the brain identify stimuli that are "relevant" or "attention worthy" in a given task? Evidence from computational and behavioral studies suggests that relevance depends both on the reward associations and on the informational properties of a sensory cue. However, informational properties (uncertainty, new information) are investigated mostly in studies of learning, while studies of oculomotor control focus on the role of reward. Thus it is unknown how the brain computes relevance based on both the reward and informational constraints of a task. In the oculomotor system, two areas implicated in attentional control are the frontal eye field (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). However, studies of these areas have focused on their role in target selection rather than computing relevance per se. In addition, these studies reveal very similar responses in FEF and LIP, raising questions regarding their specific roles. Here we aim to answer these questions by using a combination of single neuron recordings and reversible inactivation and explicitly comparing FEF and LIP. We seek to understand (1) how is target selection in FEF and LIP influenced by reliability/uncertainty and redundancy/new information, (2) how are these variables related to expected reward and (3) whether LIP/FEF have distinct contributions to discounting redundant information and attending to reliable versus uncertain cues. The studies are innovative in that they link two topics that have been pursued in isolation, the study of attention on one hand and that of learning and statistical inference on the other, and directly compare the functions of FEF and LIP. The studies have high clinical significance since attentional disturbances are strong in many psychiatric disorders including attention deficit disorder, depression and addiction. Thus, the studies will lead to an integrated theory of attentional control based on reward and uncertainty reduction, processes that are core for decision making in both health and disease. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The ability to attend to relevant stimuli is critical for normal decision making and is impaired in many psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit disorder, depression and addiction. Converging evidence suggests that attention is controlled jointly by reward and by the uncertainty/information a stimulus may bring, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In addition, it is not known what the distinct contributions of parietal and frontal areas are in attentional control. Using single neuron recordings in the monkey oculomotor system, we seek to understand how uncertainty and reward interact in controlling attention and what are the distinct contributions of the parietal and the frontal lobes

描述（由申请人提供）：为了在复杂的世界中适应性地行动，动物需要识别相关信息的能力，这有助于改善它们的预测并减少未来行动的不确定性。相关信息的选择是由注意系统完成的，这在视觉领域已经得到了深入的研究。这些研究集中在感官知觉的注意调节和眼目标选择的机制。然而，对注意力控制的认知机制知之甚少：大脑如何识别给定任务中“相关”或“值得注意”的刺激？来自计算和行为研究的证据表明，相关性取决于奖励协会和感官线索的信息属性。然而，信息属性（不确定性，新信息）主要是在学习的研究，而眼控制的研究集中在奖励的作用。因此，大脑如何根据任务的奖励和信息约束来计算相关性是未知的。在眼神经系统中，涉及注意控制的两个区域是额叶眼区（FEF）和外侧顶内区（LIP）。然而，对这些领域的研究集中在它们在目标选择中的作用，而不是计算相关性本身。此外，这些研究揭示了FEF和LIP非常相似的反应，提出了关于其具体作用的问题。在这里，我们的目标是通过使用单神经元记录和可逆失活的组合，并明确比较FEF和LIP来回答这些问题。我们试图了解（1）如何在FEF和LIP的目标选择的可靠性/不确定性和冗余/新信息的影响，（2）这些变量是如何与预期的回报和（3）是否LIP/FEF有不同的贡献折扣冗余信息，并出席可靠与不确定的线索。这些研究是创新的，因为它们将两个孤立的主题联系起来，一方面是注意力的研究，另一方面是学习和统计推断。 并直接比较了FEF和LIP的功能。这些研究具有很高的临床意义，因为注意力障碍在许多精神疾病中很强，包括注意力缺陷障碍，抑郁症和成瘾。因此，这些研究将导致基于奖励和不确定性减少的注意力控制的综合理论，这些过程是健康和疾病决策的核心。 公共卫生相关性：注意相关刺激的能力对于正常决策至关重要，并且在许多精神疾病中受损，包括注意力缺陷障碍，抑郁症和成瘾。趋同的证据表明，注意力是由奖励和刺激可能带来的不确定性/信息共同控制的，但对潜在的机制知之甚少。此外，还不知道顶叶和额叶区域在注意力控制中的不同贡献。利用猴眼神经系统的单神经元记录，我们试图了解不确定性和奖励如何在控制注意力方面相互作用，以及顶叶和额叶的不同贡献是什么