Phylogeographic dynamics of a vector and pathogen in a natural environment

自然环境中媒介和病原体的系统发育地理学动态

• 批准号: 8386568
• 负责人: Dustin Brisson
• 金额: $ 35.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-01 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8386568
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Area; Arthropods; Bacteria; Biological; Biology; Black-legged Tick; Borrelia burgdorferi; Climate; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; DNA Sequence; Data; Data Set; Diffusion; Disease; Disease Management; Ecology; Ecosystem; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Future; Genetic; Genome; Goals; Growth; Heterogeneity; Human; Incidence; Insecta; Knowledge; Lead; Location; Lyme Disease; Methods; Modeling; Mutation; Nature; Nomads; Order Spirochaetales; Organism; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Population; Population Growth; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Sampling; Solutions; Source; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Ticks; Time; Vaccination; Validation; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virus; Work; base; disorder control; disorder risk; insight; migration; novel; pathogen; population migration; predictive modeling; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are the most prevalent type of emerging infectious diseases threatening public health. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, affects more people than any other arthropod-borne disease (carried by insects or ticks) in the US. The number of human cases continues to rise as the geographic range affected by the bacteria expands. Although managing Lyme disease through vaccination appears many years off, identifying environmental factors that promote the growth and spread of the bacterium or the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, will aid in developing ecological control strategies that can be effective and long-term solutions to reducing Lyme disease incidence. The major goal of this proposal is to unravel the complex interactions between both B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis and their natural environments that have resulted in the recent increase in the geographic range of Lyme disease. We will investigate the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis in a natural ecosystem and assess the biotic, abiotic, and historical factors that have given rise to that heterogeneity. Identifying and quantifying the effects of these interactions will lead to important insights into the biology and ecology of B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis and ultimately to novel targets for ecological control strategies. We will utilize the rapidly developing statistical tools of phylogeography and landscape genetics to analyze a sample of ticks and bacteria that were collected during the time period that Lyme disease was establishing in the study area. We will use the knowledge gained to develop and experimentally validate predictive models of the spread of Lyme disease into novel environments in the future. In the near term, these studies can lead to a mechanistic understanding of how the environmental factors in a real ecosystem determine the realized geographic range of Lyme disease; few examples are known of a functional basis determining the rate and direction of dispersal of a pathogen and its vector in nature. From a global disease ecology perspective, this work is imperative as the geographic ranges of many infectious diseases are rapidly increasing and encroaching into human communities. These studies will furnish fundamental new insights into factors affecting the geographic spread of, and disease risk from, animal-transmitted pathogens. Our long-term goal is to determine the mechanisms contributing to human Lyme disease risk that could be targeted by ecological control strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：从动物传播到人类的疾病是威胁公共卫生的最普遍的新兴传染病。莱姆病是由Borlelia burgdorferi细菌引起的，它影响于美国其他任何其他节肢动物传播疾病（由昆虫或tick虫携带）的人更多。随着受细菌影响的地理范围扩大，人类病例的数量继续增加。尽管通过疫苗接种来管理莱姆病多年，但确定促进细菌或壁虱载体的生长和传播的环境因素，ixodes capapularis将有助于制定生态控制策略，这些策略可以是有效的，可以是减少莱姆病发生率的有效和长期解决方案。该提案的主要目的是揭示B. b.b。b.b. b. b. b. b. b. b.b。b.b. b. b. b. b. b. b. b. b.b。b.b. b. b. b. b. b. b. b. b. b. b.b。b.b. b. b.b。b.b. b. b.b。b.b. b.b。b.b。b.vershiphis疾病近期近期的增长。我们将在自然生态系统中研究B. burgdorferi和I. capularis的时间和空间异质性，并评估引起该异质性的生物，非生物和历史因素。识别和量化这些相互作用的影响将导致对B. burgdorferi和I.肩cap骨的生物学和生态学的重要见解，并最终成为生态控制策略的新目标。我们将利用植物地理学和景观遗传学的快速开发的统计工具来分析在研究区域中莱姆病建立的时期内收集的tick和细菌样本。我们将利用所获得的知识来开发和实验验证将来莱姆病传播到新环境中的预测模型。在短期内，这些研究可以导致对实际生态系统中环境因素如何决定莱姆病的地理范围的机械理解。很少有一个功能基础的例子来确定病原体及其自然界载体的分散率和方向。从全球疾病的生态学角度来看，这项工作必须进行，因为许多传染病的地理范围正在迅速增加和侵占人类社区。这些研究将对影响动物传播病原体的地理传播和疾病风险的因素提供基本的新见解。我们的长期目标是确定有助于人类莱姆病风险的机制，这可能是生态控制策略的目标。