Phylogeographic dynamics of a vector and pathogen in a natural environment

自然环境中媒介和病原体的系统发育地理学动态

• 批准号: 8386568
• 负责人: Dustin Brisson
• 金额: $ 35.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-01 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8386568
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Area; Arthropods; Bacteria; Biological; Biology; Black-legged Tick; Borrelia burgdorferi; Climate; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; DNA Sequence; Data; Data Set; Diffusion; Disease; Disease Management; Ecology; Ecosystem; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Future; Genetic; Genome; Goals; Growth; Heterogeneity; Human; Incidence; Insecta; Knowledge; Lead; Location; Lyme Disease; Methods; Modeling; Mutation; Nature; Nomads; Order Spirochaetales; Organism; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Population; Population Growth; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Sampling; Solutions; Source; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Ticks; Time; Vaccination; Validation; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virus; Work; base; disorder control; disorder risk; insight; migration; novel; pathogen; population migration; predictive modeling; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are the most prevalent type of emerging infectious diseases threatening public health. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, affects more people than any other arthropod-borne disease (carried by insects or ticks) in the US. The number of human cases continues to rise as the geographic range affected by the bacteria expands. Although managing Lyme disease through vaccination appears many years off, identifying environmental factors that promote the growth and spread of the bacterium or the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, will aid in developing ecological control strategies that can be effective and long-term solutions to reducing Lyme disease incidence. The major goal of this proposal is to unravel the complex interactions between both B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis and their natural environments that have resulted in the recent increase in the geographic range of Lyme disease. We will investigate the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis in a natural ecosystem and assess the biotic, abiotic, and historical factors that have given rise to that heterogeneity. Identifying and quantifying the effects of these interactions will lead to important insights into the biology and ecology of B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis and ultimately to novel targets for ecological control strategies. We will utilize the rapidly developing statistical tools of phylogeography and landscape genetics to analyze a sample of ticks and bacteria that were collected during the time period that Lyme disease was establishing in the study area. We will use the knowledge gained to develop and experimentally validate predictive models of the spread of Lyme disease into novel environments in the future. In the near term, these studies can lead to a mechanistic understanding of how the environmental factors in a real ecosystem determine the realized geographic range of Lyme disease; few examples are known of a functional basis determining the rate and direction of dispersal of a pathogen and its vector in nature. From a global disease ecology perspective, this work is imperative as the geographic ranges of many infectious diseases are rapidly increasing and encroaching into human communities. These studies will furnish fundamental new insights into factors affecting the geographic spread of, and disease risk from, animal-transmitted pathogens. Our long-term goal is to determine the mechanisms contributing to human Lyme disease risk that could be targeted by ecological control strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：从动物传播给人类的疾病是威胁公共卫生的最常见的新发传染病类型。莱姆病由伯氏疏螺旋体引起，在美国比任何其他节肢动物传播的疾病（由昆虫或蜱虫传播）影响更多的人。随着受细菌影响的地理范围的扩大，人类病例的数量继续上升。虽然通过疫苗接种来管理莱姆病似乎还有很多年，但确定促进细菌或蜱虫载体Ixodes scapularis生长和传播的环境因素将有助于制定生态控制策略，这些策略可以有效和长期地降低莱姆病的发病率。这个提议的主要目标是解开两个B之间复杂的相互作用。伯格多费里和我肩胛骨和他们的自然环境，导致最近在莱姆病的地理范围的增加。我们将研究B的时间和空间异质性。伯格多费里和我肩胛骨在自然生态系统中，并评估生物，非生物和历史因素，引起了异质性。识别和量化这些相互作用的影响将导致对B的生物学和生态学的重要见解。伯格多费里和我并最终成为生态控制策略的新目标。我们将利用快速发展的地理学和景观遗传学的统计工具来分析在莱姆病在研究区域建立的时间段内收集的蜱虫和细菌样本。我们将利用所获得的知识来开发和实验验证莱姆病在未来新环境中传播的预测模型。在短期内，这些研究可以导致一个机械的理解，如何在一个真实的生态系统中的环境因素确定莱姆病的实现的地理范围;很少有例子是已知的功能基础上确定的速度和方向的传播的病原体及其载体在自然界中。从全球疾病生态学的角度来看，这项工作是必要的，因为许多传染病的地理范围正在迅速扩大，并侵入人类社区。这些研究将为影响动物传播病原体的地理传播和疾病风险的因素提供基本的新见解。我们的长期目标是确定导致人类莱姆病风险的机制，这些机制可以通过生态控制策略来实现。