Phylogeographic dynamics of a vector and pathogen in a natural environment

自然环境中媒介和病原体的系统发育地理学动态

• 批准号: 8215534
• 负责人: Dustin Brisson
• 金额: $ 40.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-01 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8215534
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Area; Arthropods; Bacteria; Biological; Biology; Black-legged Tick; Borrelia burgdorferi; Climate; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; DNA Sequence; Data; Data Set; Diffusion; Disease; Disease Management; Ecology; Ecosystem; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Future; Genetic; Genome; Goals; Growth; Heterogeneity; Human; Incidence; Insecta; Knowledge; Lead; Location; Lyme Disease; Methods; Modeling; Mutation; Nature; Nomads; Order Spirochaetales; Organism; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Population; Population Growth; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Sampling; Solutions; Source; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Ticks; Time; Vaccination; Validation; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virus; Work; base; disorder control; disorder risk; insight; migration; novel; pathogen; population migration; predictive modeling; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are the most prevalent type of emerging infectious diseases threatening public health. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, affects more people than any other arthropod-borne disease (carried by insects or ticks) in the US. The number of human cases continues to rise as the geographic range affected by the bacteria expands. Although managing Lyme disease through vaccination appears many years off, identifying environmental factors that promote the growth and spread of the bacterium or the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, will aid in developing ecological control strategies that can be effective and long-term solutions to reducing Lyme disease incidence. The major goal of this proposal is to unravel the complex interactions between both B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis and their natural environments that have resulted in the recent increase in the geographic range of Lyme disease. We will investigate the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis in a natural ecosystem and assess the biotic, abiotic, and historical factors that have given rise to that heterogeneity. Identifying and quantifying the effects of these interactions will lead to important insights into the biology and ecology of B. burgdorferi and I. scapularis and ultimately to novel targets for ecological control strategies. We will utilize the rapidly developing statistical tools of phylogeography and landscape genetics to analyze a sample of ticks and bacteria that were collected during the time period that Lyme disease was establishing in the study area. We will use the knowledge gained to develop and experimentally validate predictive models of the spread of Lyme disease into novel environments in the future. In the near term, these studies can lead to a mechanistic understanding of how the environmental factors in a real ecosystem determine the realized geographic range of Lyme disease; few examples are known of a functional basis determining the rate and direction of dispersal of a pathogen and its vector in nature. From a global disease ecology perspective, this work is imperative as the geographic ranges of many infectious diseases are rapidly increasing and encroaching into human communities. These studies will furnish fundamental new insights into factors affecting the geographic spread of, and disease risk from, animal-transmitted pathogens. Our long-term goal is to determine the mechanisms contributing to human Lyme disease risk that could be targeted by ecological control strategies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Lyme disease is the most prevalent insect or tick transmitted disease in the US. The number of cases continues to rise as the geographic range affected by the bacteria expands. We will identify and quantify the effects of biotic, abiotic, and historical factors on the rate of geographic expansion of Lyme disease. This research will lead to important insights into the biology and ecology of the bacteria and tick vector of Lyme disease and ultimately to novel targets for ecological control strategies.

描述(申请人提供)：由动物传播给人类的疾病是威胁公共健康的最常见的新出现的传染病类型。莱姆病是由伯氏疏螺旋体细菌引起的，在美国比任何其他节肢动物传播的疾病(由昆虫或扁虱传播)影响更多的人。随着受细菌影响的地理范围扩大，人类病例数量继续上升。尽管通过接种疫苗来控制莱姆病似乎还需要很多年的时间，但识别促进细菌或扁虱媒介(肩部硬蜱)生长和传播的环境因素，将有助于制定生态控制策略，这些策略可以成为减少莱姆病发病率的有效和长期解决方案。这项建议的主要目标是解开伯氏杆菌和我肩周炎与它们的自然环境之间的复杂相互作用，这些环境导致最近莱姆病的地理范围扩大。我们将调查自然生态系统中伯氏假单胞菌和肩袖假单胞菌的时间和空间异质性，并评估导致这种异质性的生物、非生物和历史因素。识别和量化这些相互作用的影响将导致对伯氏杆菌和肩周炎的生物学和生态学的重要见解，并最终为生态控制策略提供新的目标。我们将利用迅速发展的系统地理学和景观遗传学的统计工具来分析在莱姆病在研究地区建立期间收集的扁虱和细菌样本。我们将利用所获得的知识来开发和实验验证莱姆病在未来传播到新环境中的预测模型。在短期内，这些研究可以导致对真实生态系统中的环境因素如何决定莱姆病的实现地理范围的机械性理解；很少有人知道决定病原体及其媒介在自然界中的传播速度和方向的功能基础的例子。从全球疾病生态学的角度来看，这项工作势在必行，因为许多传染病的地理范围正在迅速扩大并侵入人类社区。这些研究将为影响动物传播病原体的地理传播和疾病风险的因素提供基本的新见解。我们的长期目标是确定导致人类莱姆病风险的机制，这些机制可以成为生态控制战略的目标。 与公共卫生相关：莱姆病是美国最流行的昆虫或壁虱传播疾病。随着受细菌影响的地理范围扩大，病例数量继续上升。我们将确定和量化生物、非生物和历史因素对莱姆病地理扩展速度的影响。这项研究将导致对莱姆病细菌和扁虱媒介的生物学和生态学的重要见解，并最终为生态控制策略找到新的目标。