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Neural mechanism of preference formation during risky decisions

风险决策过程中偏好形成的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
8445740
负责人：
Taosheng Liu
金额：
$ 22.76万
依托单位：
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-04-01 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8445740
关键词：
Accounting Address Anterior Area Award Behavior Behavioral Belief Brain imaging Characteristics Choice Behavior Cognitive Communities Computer Simulation Conscious Data Decision Making Drug abuse Drug usage Evaluation Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Mechanisms Gambling Image Impairment Impulsivity Insula of Reil Judgment Knowledge Learning Link Measures Methods Modeling National Institute of Drug Abuse Outcome Parietal Participant Personality Traits Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Process Psychometrics Reaction Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Rewards Risk Running Sampling Science Signal Transduction Simulate Source Staging System Time Translating base cognitive neuroscience college computer framework drug abuser drug craving experience hemodynamics improved insight intraparietal sulcus neural circuit neuroimaging neuromechanism neurophysiology novel preference public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response reward processing theories trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impaired judgment and decision making is a key factor contributing to drug abuse. Research on the source of these impairments has focused largely on cognitive and neural deficits during two distinct periods. Before making a choice, drug abusers are overly sensitive to potential rewards and insensitive to long-term losses. After making a choice, drug abusers are hyper-reactive to rewards and show poor ability to learn from experience. Much less is known about the intervening process of deliberation when beliefs and desires are integrated over time to form a preference leading to a choice. This deliberation process can determine whether a person appears risk seeking or risk averse, impulsive or cautious, and slow or fast in responding. While these are characteristics directly relevant to drug abuse, the basic mechanisms of the process are not well understood. We conceptualize deliberation as a sequential sampling process where decision makers evaluate possible payoffs forming a subjective valence. These valences are accumulated over time forming a preference over the alternatives until a threshold is reached initiating a choice. In this application, we develop a theoretical and experimental framework that integrates computational modeling and cognitive neuroscience to characterize this deliberation process. Experimentally, we create a novel gambling task called the flash gambling task (FGT) in which participants choose between a sure payoff and a lottery that offers a draw from a distribution of payoffs. Instead of receiving verbal descriptions of the lottery, subjects watch simulated draws from this lottery that flash by every 50 ms (like watching a stock ticker run by). Thus, the FGT requires active integration of payoffs allowing more precise control over the deliberation process. Theoretically, we develop a framework that integrates computational models of decision making, neural studies of reward processing and perceptual decision making, and analytic models of hemodynamic response. Our model makes specific predictions regarding the fMRI BOLD signatures of different aspects of deliberation process during risky decision making. In this application, we use this model-based imaging approach to delineate the neural circuitry underlying the valuation and preference formation process in an fMRI experiment on a normal college sample. In a second study, we investigate the link between behavior and deliberation in the FGT and measures of risky drug use and impulsivity using a larger community sample. Results from these studies will offer new insights on the basic cognitive and neural mechanisms of risky decision making and establish potentially important links between process-level measures of choice behavior and drug use, thereby setting the stage for a greater understanding of the neural and computational basis of drug abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：判断和决策能力受损是导致药物滥用的关键因素。对这些障碍的来源的研究主要集中在两个不同时期的认知和神经缺陷上。在做出选择之前，药物滥用者对潜在的回报过于敏感，而对长期的损失不敏感。在做出选择后，药物滥用者对奖励反应过度，从经验中学习的能力很差。当信念和欲望随着时间的推移而整合，形成导致选择的偏好时，对深思熟虑的干预过程的了解要少得多。这个深思熟虑的过程可以决定一个人是否表现出风险寻求或风险厌恶，冲动或谨慎，反应缓慢或快速。虽然这些特征与药物直接相关，由于滥用，人们对这一过程的基本机制没有很好的了解。我们将审议概念化为一个连续的抽样过程，决策者评估可能的回报，形成一个主观的效价。这些化合价随着时间的推移而积累，形成对替代品的偏好，直到达到阈值，开始选择。在这个应用程序中，我们开发了一个理论和实验框架，集成了计算建模和认知神经科学来描述这个审议过程。在实验中，我们创建了一个名为快闪赌博任务（FGT）的新颖赌博任务，其中参与者在确定的回报和提供来自回报分布的抽奖的彩票之间进行选择。而不是接收口头描述的彩票，受试者观看模拟抽奖，从这个彩票闪烁每50毫秒（就像观看股票报价机运行）。因此，FGT需要积极整合收益，从而更精确地控制审议过程。从理论上讲，我们开发了一个框架，集成了决策的计算模型，奖励处理和感知决策的神经研究，以及血液动力学反应的分析模型。我们的模型对风险决策过程中审议过程的不同方面的fMRI粗体签名进行了具体的预测。在本应用中，我们使用这种基于模型的成像方法来描绘正常大学样本的fMRI实验中评估和偏好形成过程的神经回路。在第二项研究中，我们调查的行为和审议之间的联系，在FGT和措施的危险药物的使用和冲动，使用更大的社区样本。这些研究的结果将为风险决策的基本认知和神经机制提供新的见解，并在选择行为和药物使用的过程级措施之间建立潜在的重要联系，从而为更好地理解药物滥用的神经和计算基础奠定基础。