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Neural mechanism of preference formation during risky decisions

风险决策过程中偏好形成的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
8445740
负责人：
Taosheng Liu
金额：
$ 22.76万
依托单位：
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-04-01 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8445740
关键词：
Accounting Address Anterior Area Award Behavior Behavioral Belief Brain imaging Characteristics Choice Behavior Cognitive Communities Computer Simulation Conscious Data Decision Making Drug abuse Drug usage Evaluation Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Mechanisms Gambling Image Impairment Impulsivity Insula of Reil Judgment Knowledge Learning Link Measures Methods Modeling National Institute of Drug Abuse Outcome Parietal Participant Personality Traits Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Process Psychometrics Reaction Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Rewards Risk Running Sampling Science Signal Transduction Simulate Source Staging System Time Translating base cognitive neuroscience college computer framework drug abuser drug craving experience hemodynamics improved insight intraparietal sulcus neural circuit neuroimaging neuromechanism neurophysiology novel preference public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response reward processing theories trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impaired judgment and decision making is a key factor contributing to drug abuse. Research on the source of these impairments has focused largely on cognitive and neural deficits during two distinct periods. Before making a choice, drug abusers are overly sensitive to potential rewards and insensitive to long-term losses. After making a choice, drug abusers are hyper-reactive to rewards and show poor ability to learn from experience. Much less is known about the intervening process of deliberation when beliefs and desires are integrated over time to form a preference leading to a choice. This deliberation process can determine whether a person appears risk seeking or risk averse, impulsive or cautious, and slow or fast in responding. While these are characteristics directly relevant to drug abuse, the basic mechanisms of the process are not well understood. We conceptualize deliberation as a sequential sampling process where decision makers evaluate possible payoffs forming a subjective valence. These valences are accumulated over time forming a preference over the alternatives until a threshold is reached initiating a choice. In this application, we develop a theoretical and experimental framework that integrates computational modeling and cognitive neuroscience to characterize this deliberation process. Experimentally, we create a novel gambling task called the flash gambling task (FGT) in which participants choose between a sure payoff and a lottery that offers a draw from a distribution of payoffs. Instead of receiving verbal descriptions of the lottery, subjects watch simulated draws from this lottery that flash by every 50 ms (like watching a stock ticker run by). Thus, the FGT requires active integration of payoffs allowing more precise control over the deliberation process. Theoretically, we develop a framework that integrates computational models of decision making, neural studies of reward processing and perceptual decision making, and analytic models of hemodynamic response. Our model makes specific predictions regarding the fMRI BOLD signatures of different aspects of deliberation process during risky decision making. In this application, we use this model-based imaging approach to delineate the neural circuitry underlying the valuation and preference formation process in an fMRI experiment on a normal college sample. In a second study, we investigate the link between behavior and deliberation in the FGT and measures of risky drug use and impulsivity using a larger community sample. Results from these studies will offer new insights on the basic cognitive and neural mechanisms of risky decision making and establish potentially important links between process-level measures of choice behavior and drug use, thereby setting the stage for a greater understanding of the neural and computational basis of drug abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：判断和决策能力受损是导致药物滥用的关键因素。对这些损伤来源的研究主要集中在两个不同时期的认知和神经缺陷上。在做出选择之前，吸毒者对潜在的回报过于敏感，对长期的损失不敏感。在做出选择后，吸毒者对奖励反应过度，从经验中学习的能力较差。当信念和欲望随着时间的推移结合在一起，形成一种导致选择的偏好时，人们对审议的干预过程知之甚少。这个深思熟虑的过程可以决定一个人是喜欢冒险还是厌恶风险，是冲动还是谨慎，反应是慢还是快。这些都是与药物直接相关的特征