Neural predictors of risky driving and susceptibility to peer influences in adole

阿多危险驾驶和对同伴影响敏感性的神经预测因子

• 批准号: 8512122
• 负责人: Emily Falk
• 金额: $ 18.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8512122
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affective; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain; Buffers; Cause of Death; Charge; Cognitive; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Coupled; Data; Development; Distress; Elements; Emotions; Environment; Exclusion; Feeling; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Health; Individual Differences; Injury; Investigation; Lead; Licensing; Light; Measures; Monitor; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Participant; Policies; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Randomized; Recruitment Activity; Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Simulate; Speed; System; Targeted Research; Teenagers; Vehicle crash; Work; cognitive control; driving behavior; effective intervention; indexing; intervention program; neuroimaging; peer; peer influence; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; social; teen driving; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and a major contributor to non-fatal injury in adolescents 1, 2. Teen drivers' crash risk is especially high in the presence of teen passengers3-6. Peer influences are pervasive, powerful, especially salient during adolescence and associated with health-risk behaviors7, but the variability and mechanisms involved are not well understood8. One factor that may promote risky behavior in adolescence is a possible imbalance in brain development between affective and cognitive control systems8-10, resulting not only in riskier choices overall, but also increased reward activity during risk taking in the presence of peers11, and heightened sensitivity to social rejection12,13. In this investigation, we aim to elucidate neurocognitive predictors of: (1) risky teen driving; (2) susceptibility to peer influence in the context of teen driving; and (3) the ability to overcome risky peer influence. To achieve these aims, we propose to integrate neuroimaging (fMRI) measures into a currently funded study that experimentally manipulates peer influences in a state-of-the-art driving simulator. Main outcomes include behaviors in the simulator that are associated with high rates of injury and fatality in real drivig contexts (a composite of speeding, close following distances, traffic light violations). We hypothesize that: [(1a) increased activity in neural reward systems during a risk- taking task14, and (1b) decreased activity in cognitive control systems during a response inhibition task15, in the fMRI environment will predict higher propensity .toward risky-driving behaviors in the simulator; (2a) increased reward activity during the risk task14, and (2b) increased neural activity in regions associated with distress during exclusion16 in the neuroimaging environment will predict increased susceptibility to risk taking in the presence of peers in the driving simulator; and (3) increased neural activity in cognitive control systems will predict decreased susceptibility to peer influence in the driving simulator], as cognitive control systems could serv to buffer negative affective responses during socially threatening situations, and could also serve to reduce the impact of reward responses induced by taking risks in the presence of peers.11 As such, we hypothesize that [reward and social distress sensitivity, as well as a tendency to recruit cognitive control resources will interact with the social situation to render adolescents differentially susceptible to behaviors that put them at risk for crash in the presence of peers]. Preliminary data collected using key elements of the proposed protocol are consistent with our hypotheses [and suggest that neural measures explain variance in key outcomes that is not explained otherwise]. The proposed research will increase understanding of the mechanisms that lead to variability in risky behavior in adolescents, as well as mechanisms of peer influence and ability to resist such influence. Individual differences in neurocognitive resources may not only interact with the social situation to promote risk, but may also serve to buffer social vulnerability to risk; this work may eventually allow us to develop more effective programs that efficiently reduce risk across multiple domains.

描述（由申请人提供）：机动车辆碰撞事故是青少年死亡的主要原因，也是造成青少年非致命伤害的主要原因1, 2。青少年驾驶员在有青少年乘客在场的情况下碰撞风险尤其高3-6。同伴影响是普遍的、强大的，尤其是在青春期，并且与健康风险行为相关7，但其中的变异性和机制尚不清楚8。可能促进青春期危险行为的一个因素是情感和认知控制系统之间的大脑发育可能不平衡8-10，这不仅导致总体上风险更大的选择，而且在同龄人面前冒险期间增加奖励活动11，并提高对社会拒绝的敏感性12,13。在这项调查中，我们的目标是阐明以下神经认知预测因子：(1) 青少年危险驾驶； (2) 青少年驾驶时容易受到同伴影响； (3) 克服有风险的同伴影响的能力。为了实现这些目标，我们建议将神经影像（fMRI）测量整合到目前资助的一项研究中，该研究在最先进的驾驶模拟器中实验性地操纵同伴的影响。主要结果包括模拟器中与真实驾驶环境中高受伤率和死亡率相关的行为（超速、近距离跟随、交通灯违规等综合因素）。我们假设：[(1a) 在冒险任务期间神经奖励系统的活动增加，以及 (1b) 在反应抑制任务期间认知控制系统的活动减少，在 fMRI 环境中将预测模拟器中较高的风险驾驶行为倾向； （2a）在风险任务14期间奖励活动增加，以及（2b）在神经影像环境中排除16期间与痛苦相关的区域的神经活动增加，将预测驾驶模拟器中同伴在场时冒险的敏感性增加； (3) 认知控制系统中神经活动的增加将预测驾驶模拟器中对同伴影响的敏感性降低]，因为认知控制系统可以在受到社会威胁的情况下缓冲负面情感反应，并且还可以减少因在同伴面前冒险而引起的奖励反应的影响。11因此，我们假设[奖励和社交压力敏感性以及招募认知控制资源的倾向会相互作用] 不同的社会环境使青少年对那些使他们面临撞车风险的行为表现出不同的易感性 的同行]。使用拟议协议的关键要素收集的初步数据与我们的假设一致[并表明神经测量解释了关键结果中未以其他方式解释的差异]。拟议的研究将增进对导致青少年危险行为变异的机制，以及同伴影响机制和抵抗这种影响的能力的理解。神经认知资源的个体差异不仅可能与社会状况相互作用以促进风险，还可能有助于缓冲社会对风险的脆弱性；这项工作最终可能使我们能够开发出更有效的计划，有效降低多个领域的风险。