Neural mechanism of sustained spatial attention across saccades

跨眼跳持续空间注意力的神经机制

• 批准号: 8595104
• 负责人: Alexandria Concetta Marino
• 金额: $ 4.72万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8595104
• 关键词: Accounting; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Back; Ballistics; Behavior; Behavioral; Complex; Cues; Data; Disease; Dorsal; Environment; Etiology; Exhibits; Eye Movements; Face; Friends; Impairment; Lead; Location; Macaca; Maintenance; Mediating; Mental disorders; Methods; Nature; Neurons; Occipital lobe; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Peripheral; Population; Process; Residual state; Resources; Saccades; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Side; Signal Transduction; Site; Social Interaction; Stimulus; Stream; System; Tennis; Testing; Time; Training; Update; V4 neuron; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; area V4; attentional modulation; court; covert attention; experience; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; fovea centralis; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; insight; lateral intraparietal area; neural facilitation; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; oculomotor; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; spatiotemporal; visual motor; visual receptive field

Natural visual exploration frequently employs fast ballistic eye movements (saccades) and covert visual attention. Although the saccade and attention systems are anatomically and functionally related, previous work suggests that visual attention can be maintained at a stable location while executing saccades to other locations in the visual field. This simultaneous deployment of attention and eye movements to distinct locations can promote complicated visuomotor tasks and social interactions, which are often impaired in psychiatric diseases. However, since visual attention is implemented in retinotopically organized cortical areas, the maintenance of attention across eye movements requires updating the population of neurons exhibiting attentional modulation at the time of saccade. Behavioral studies have shown that just before a saccade, a transient attentional facilitation is observed both behind and ahead of the cued location, and that after a saccade, a transient attentional facilitation is observed in retinotopic coordinates (i.e., shifted in the prosaccade direction). A comprehensive neural mechanism that achieves the updating of attention around the time of saccades and accounts for these behavioral findings is hypothesized and will be tested in this project. In Aim 1, subjects will be trained to deploy attention to a stable location during saccade execution while recording from cortical area V4, an extrastriate visual area in the ventral stream, to test for neural modulations consistent with this mechanism. Specifically, Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that 1) presaccadic predictive attentional modulation will occur in neurons that will represent the attended location after the saccade, and 2) postsaccadic attentional modulation (with subsequent decay back to baseline) will occur in neurons that represented the attended location just before the saccade. Furthermore, this work will test the hypothesis that neurons that remap their receptive fields just before the saccade, as has been observed in some cortical areas, will carry attentional modulation with them as they remap, explaining presaccadic attentional facilitations displaced in the pro-saccade direction. In Aim 2, recordings will be made from V4 and LIP, a visuomotor parietal area, using the same behavioral task. Both areas show modulation in response to attention and saccades, but it is unknown which area directs the updating of visual receptive fields and attention across saccades. Using analyses of spike latency, correlation, coherence, and Granger causality, the hypothesis that LIP drives the perisaccadic updates in receptive and attentional fields that are necessary to maintain stable visual attention will be tested. An understanding of the neural mechanism underlying the integration of visual attention and voluntary eye movements will further understanding of the neural perturbations that lead to impairments in complex social interactions and visuomotor planning in psychiatric diseases such as ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia and will inform treatment of these diseases.

自然视觉探索经常采用快速弹道眼球运动（扫视）和隐蔽的视觉注意。虽然眼跳和注意力系统在解剖学和功能上是相关的，但先前的工作表明，视觉注意力可以保持在一个稳定的位置，同时执行眼跳到视野中的其他位置。这种将注意力和眼球运动同时部署到不同位置的方法可以促进复杂的视觉任务和社会互动，而这往往在精神疾病中受到损害。然而，由于视觉注意力是在视网膜定位组织的皮层区域中实现的，因此在眼球运动中保持注意力需要更新在扫视时表现出注意力调节的神经元群体。行为研究已经表明，就在扫视之前，在线索位置的后面和前面都观察到瞬时注意力促进，并且在扫视之后，在视网膜位置坐标中观察到瞬时注意力促进（即，在正面的方向移动）。一个全面的神经机制，实现了更新的注意力周围的时间扫视，并占这些行为的研究结果是假设，并将在这个项目中进行测试。在目标1中，将训练受试者在扫视执行期间将注意力部署到稳定位置，同时从皮层区域V4（腹侧流中的纹外视觉区域）进行记录，以测试与该机制一致的神经调制。具体来说，目标1将测试以下假设：1）扫视前预测注意力调制将发生在扫视后代表关注位置的神经元中，以及2）扫视后注意力调制（随后衰减回基线）将发生在扫视前代表关注位置的神经元中。此外，这项工作将测试的假设，即神经元，重新映射他们的感受野之前扫视，已经观察到在一些皮层区域，将进行注意力调制，因为他们重新映射，解释前注意力易化位移的亲扫视方向。在目标2中，将使用相同的行为任务从V4和LIP（一个视觉顶叶区域）进行记录。这两个区域都表现出对注意和眼跳的调制，但不知道哪一个区域指导视觉感受野和注意在眼跳中的更新。使用尖峰潜伏期，相关性，连贯性，和格兰杰因果关系的分析，假设LIP驱动的perisaccadic更新的感受和注意领域，是必要的，以保持稳定的视觉注意力将被测试。对视觉注意和自主眼球运动整合的神经机制的理解将进一步理解导致ADHD、自闭症和精神分裂症等精神疾病中复杂社会互动和视觉规划障碍的神经扰动，并将为这些疾病的治疗提供信息。