Developmental Brain Atlas Tools and Data Applied to Humans and Macaques

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的十年中，人类大脑形态测量的MRI研究已被用于研究精神病学研究中的多种病理和药物相关效应。更好地理解正常的神经发育对于更好地理解神经发育障碍（如自闭症或精神分裂症）的潜在病理至关重要，因为对发育中的大脑的损伤时间通常是确定所导致的疾病的关键。非人类灵长类动物，特别是猕猴，已被广泛用于研究人类高级认知功能和复杂社会互动发展的神经基质的动物模型。然而，我们缺乏猕猴正常大脑成熟的关键、详细信息，特别是在快速变化的早期阶段。将人类的成熟期与猕猴的成熟期相匹配，有助于我们建立非人类灵长类动物发育神经病理学的翻译模型。本项目将提供三个结果：a)发育猕猴脑MR数据库；b)相应的横截面和纵向图谱构建计算工具箱；c)在前者的基础上，对两性人类和猕猴大脑发育和成熟模式进行比较研究。计算图谱构建工具箱将具有翻译性质，因为它适用于现有的人类NIH MRI正常大脑发育数据库，以及拟议的猕猴大脑发育数据库。这个纵向数据库将从一群健康的猕猴中获得，从几周龄到3岁的青少年。因此，从大脑发育研究以及方法和工具开发的角度来看，这项资助是翻译的。这为灵长类研究人员以及一般的神经成像领域创造了一个非常有价值的资源。比较研究将使我们能够描述恒河猴正常大脑发育的特征，并将其与人类大脑发育进行比较。我们期望这个独特的数据库，计算工具箱的高效和经济的创建和传播，以及发展研究的结果，将导致世界范围内许多新的发育神经病理学灵长类动物模型的创建。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the last decade, MRI studies of human brain morphometry have been used to investigate a multitude of pathologies and drug-related effects in psychiatric research. Better understanding of normal neural development is essential to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism or schizophrenia, as the timing of an insult into the developing brain is often critical in defining the resulting disorder. Nonhuman primates, and in particular macaque monkeys, have been widely used in animal models to investigate the neural substrates of human development in higher cognitive functions and complex social interactions. However, we lack crucial, detailed information of normal brain maturation in macaques, especially in the rapidly changing early stages. Matching maturational periods in humans with those in macaques aids us in establishing nonhuman primate translational models of developmental neuropathology. This project will provide three results: a) a developmental macaque brain MR database, b) the corresponding computational toolbox for cross-sectional and longitudinal atlas building and c) a comparative study contrasting human and macaque brain development and maturation patterns in both genders based on the former. The computational atlas building toolbox will be of translational nature as it is applied to the existing human NIH MRI database of normal brain development, as well as the proposed macaque brain development database. This longitudinal database will be acquired from a cohort of healthy macaque monkeys ranging from a few week olds up to 3-year-old adolescents. This grant is thus translational from a viewpoint of both the study of brain development as well as method and tool development. This creates an immensely valuable resource for primate researcher, as well as for the general neuroimaging field. The comparative study will allow us to characterize normal brain development in the rhesus macaque and compare it to human brain development. We expect that the efficient and cost-effective creation and dissemination of this unique database, the computational toolbox, along with the results from the developmental study will lead to the creation of many new translational primate models of developmental neuropathology worldwide.