Developmental Brain Atlas Tools and Data Applied to Humans and Macaques

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的十年中，人脑形态测量学的MRI研究已用于调查精神病学研究中的多种病理学和药物相关效应。更好地了解正常的神经发育对于更好地了解神经发育障碍（如自闭症或精神分裂症）的潜在病理学至关重要，因为发育中的大脑受到损伤的时间通常对定义所产生的障碍至关重要。非人灵长类动物，特别是猕猴，已被广泛用于动物模型，以研究人类在高级认知功能和复杂的社会互动中发育的神经基质。然而，我们缺乏猕猴正常大脑成熟的关键，详细的信息，特别是在快速变化的早期阶段。匹配人类与猕猴的成熟期有助于我们建立发育神经病理学的非人灵长类转化模型。 该项目将提供三个结果：a）发育猕猴脑MR数据库，B）用于横截面和纵向图谱构建的相应计算工具箱，以及c）基于前者对比人类和猕猴脑发育和成熟模式的比较研究。计算图谱构建工具箱将具有平移性质，因为它适用于现有的人类NIH MRI正常大脑发育数据库以及拟议的猕猴大脑发育数据库。该纵向数据库将从一组健康猕猴中获得，范围从几奥尔兹到3岁青少年。因此，从大脑发育研究以及方法和工具开发的角度来看，这笔赠款是翻译的。这为灵长类动物研究人员以及一般神经成像领域创造了非常宝贵的资源。这项比较研究将使我们能够描述恒河猴的正常大脑发育，并将其与人类大脑发育进行比较。我们希望，这个独特的数据库，计算工具箱，沿着从发育研究的结果的有效和具有成本效益的创建和传播将导致许多新的翻译灵长类动物模型的发展神经病理学世界各地的创建。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the last decade, MRI studies of human brain morphometry have been used to investigate a multitude of pathologies and drug-related effects in psychiatric research. Better understanding of normal neural development is essential to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism or schizophrenia, as the timing of an insult into the developing brain is often critical in defining the resulting disorder. Nonhuman primates, and in particular macaque monkeys, have been widely used in animal models to investigate the neural substrates of human development in higher cognitive functions and complex social interactions. However, we lack crucial, detailed information of normal brain maturation in macaques, especially in the rapidly changing early stages. Matching maturational periods in humans with those in macaques aids us in establishing nonhuman primate translational models of developmental neuropathology. This project will provide three results: a) a developmental macaque brain MR database, b) the corresponding computational toolbox for cross-sectional and longitudinal atlas building and c) a comparative study contrasting human and macaque brain development and maturation patterns in both genders based on the former. The computational atlas building toolbox will be of translational nature as it is applied to the existing human NIH MRI database of normal brain development, as well as the proposed macaque brain development database. This longitudinal database will be acquired from a cohort of healthy macaque monkeys ranging from a few week olds up to 3-year-old adolescents. This grant is thus translational from a viewpoint of both the study of brain development as well as method and tool development. This creates an immensely valuable resource for primate researcher, as well as for the general neuroimaging field. The comparative study will allow us to characterize normal brain development in the rhesus macaque and compare it to human brain development. We expect that the efficient and cost-effective creation and dissemination of this unique database, the computational toolbox, along with the results from the developmental study will lead to the creation of many new translational primate models of developmental neuropathology worldwide.