CRCNS: Path Intergration by the Grid Cell Network

CRCNS：网格单元网络的路径整合

• 批准号: 8460139
• 负责人: HUGH T BLAIR
• 金额: $ 43.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8460139
• 关键词: Agreement; Alcoholism; Alzheimer' s Disease; Amnesia; Anterior; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Award; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Chronic; Code; Computer Simulation; Confusion; Dementia; Diagnosis; Disease; Disorientation; Dissociation; Dissociative Amnesias; Encephalitis; Endogenous depression; Epilepsy; Exhibits; Fimbria of hippocampus; Fire - disasters; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Laws; Learning; Lewy Body Dementia; Location; Maps; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Modeling; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Nerve Degeneration; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Plant Roots; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Property; Rattus; Reading; Recurrence; Research; Retrieval; Role; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Speed; Structure; Symptoms; Syndrome; Testing; Textiles; Thalamic structure; Theoretical model; Theta Rhythm; Time; Training; Visit; Work; base; central pattern generator; effective therapy; entorhinal cortex; insight; memory encoding; memory process; network models; neurophysiology; new therapeutic target; novel; post-traumatic stress; postsynaptic; prevent; relating to nervous system; research study; simulation; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For as long as it has been possible to measure electrical activity in the nervous system, it has been known that the brain produces oscillatory rhythms. Some rhythms are generated during sleep, others during waking; certain patterns of oscillatory brain activity occur in all healthy people, while other patterns only occur in disease states such as epilepsy, clinical depression, or schizophrenia. Many different brain rhythms have been identified and characterized, and yet almost nothing is known about their function. We know that the brain oscillates, but we do not know why. Over the past few years, discoveries have been made that provide tantalizing new clues for answering this question, by suggesting that neural oscillations are very much like "threads" that the brain weaves together to create the "fabric" of memory and perception. In rats, one particular kind of oscillation referred to as "theta rhythm" is very predominant in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, brain areas that play a critical role in learning and memory. It is becoming increasingly clear that theta oscillations (in the frequency band of 4-12 Hz) are building blocks from which the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex can construct memory representations. The studies proposed here will combine neurophysiological recording experiments with computational modeling studies to investigate how the rat brain uses theta oscillations to form memories of familiar locations in space. Neurons called "place cells" and "grid cells" become active whenever a rat visits certain familiar locations, and these neurons are strongly synchronized by theta oscillations. Proposed computational modeling studies will investigate how place cells and grid cells use theta oscillations to encode spatial memories, and will seek to decipher the structure of the biological neural networks that perform this task. Proposed neurophysiology studies will attempt to show for the first time that neural oscillators in subcortical regions store memory representations using a "phase code," and will examine how the cerebral cortex interacts with subcortical oscillators to read out these memory representations. Pharmacological inactivation studies will be conducted to demonstrate how memory processing breaks down when neural oscillators are disrupted, which may help to explain the causes of memory impairment in humans who suffer from amnesic syndrome in conjunction with disorders like Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress. By elucidating how memories are formed from theta oscillations in spatial memory circuits, the research proposed here will provide groundbreaking new insights into the fundamental role that neural oscillations play in normal memory processes. This work may in the future make it possible to diagnose and treat brain diseases and mental disorders that currently are not well understood, but which may prove to have roots in dysfunction of the neural oscillators that provide the basic building blocks for memory and perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：只要有可能测量神经系统中的电活动，就知道大脑产生振荡节律。有些节律是在睡眠时产生的，有些是在清醒时产生的;某些模式的振荡性大脑活动发生在所有健康的人身上，而其他模式只发生在癫痫、临床抑郁症或精神分裂症等疾病状态下。许多不同的大脑节律已经被识别和表征，但几乎没有人知道它们的功能。我们知道大脑会振荡，但不知道为什么。在过去的几年里，已经有一些发现为回答这个问题提供了诱人的新线索，这些发现表明神经振荡非常像大脑编织在一起的“线”，以创建记忆和感知的“织物”。在大鼠中，一种被称为“θ节律”的特殊振荡在海马体和内嗅皮层中非常突出，这两个大脑区域在学习和记忆中起着关键作用。越来越清楚的是，θ振荡（在4-12 Hz的频带中）是海马和内嗅皮层可以构建记忆表征的基石。这里提出的研究将联合收割机神经生理记录实验与计算建模研究相结合，以调查大鼠大脑如何使用θ振荡来形成对空间中熟悉位置的记忆。每当老鼠访问某些熟悉的位置时，被称为“位置细胞”和“网格细胞”的神经元就会变得活跃，这些神经元通过θ振荡强烈同步。拟议的计算建模研究将调查位置细胞和网格细胞如何使用θ振荡来编码空间记忆，并将寻求破译执行此任务的生物神经网络的结构。拟议中的神经生理学研究将试图首次表明，皮层下区域的神经振荡器使用“相位代码”存储记忆表征，并将研究大脑皮层如何与皮层下振荡器相互作用，以读出这些记忆表征。将进行药理学失活研究，以证明当神经振荡器被破坏时，记忆处理是如何崩溃的，这可能有助于解释患有遗忘综合征的人类记忆障碍的原因，这些综合征与阿尔茨海默病，精神分裂症，抑郁症，焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍等疾病有关。通过阐明记忆是如何从空间记忆回路中的θ振荡形成的，这里提出的研究将为神经振荡在正常记忆过程中发挥的基本作用提供开创性的新见解。这项工作可能在未来使人们有可能诊断和治疗大脑疾病和精神障碍，目前还没有得到很好的理解，但可能被证明有根源的神经振荡器，提供基本的记忆和感知的基石功能障碍。