How Emotion Affects Memory for Detail: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Investigations

描述(由申请人提供)：认知神经科学研究极大地促进了我们对认知和神经过程的理解，这些过程是成功编码和检索信息的基础。然而，这项研究的大部分都是在故意选择的刺激下进行的，目的是不引起任何情绪反应。但在我们的日常生活中，许多经历都注入了情感上的重要性和个人上的意义：我们从同事那里得到称赞，或者我们目睹了一场车祸。这些记忆往往是非常生动的；当我们重新体验这些充满影响的时刻时，我们可以感觉到时间的传输。到目前为止，大多数研究考察了为什么对情感事件的记忆与对中性事件的记忆具有不同的轮廓，集中在最初学习信息时施加的影响，54，69，87，88,119以及我们之前的拨款周期也集中在编码过程上。这项研究揭示了情感配价的一种有趣的效应：负面事件用更多的感觉加工来编码，积极的信息用更多的概念加工来编码，即使在事件的唤醒程度同样高的情况下也是如此。69，72，73，74,103,104,105尽管人们对情感如何影响提取知之甚少，但许多有影响力的记忆模型认为，提取是编码过程重新激活的过程。如果是真的，那么编码过程中的情感影响应该对所使用的提取过程的类型或对最有效的提取线索的类型产生下游影响。这项拟议的研究解决了这种可能性，考察了信息的情感内容如何影响记忆提取过程中的认知和神经过程，并特别考虑了提取过程中的过程将受到编码过程中的过程影响的可能性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive neuroscience research has greatly advanced our understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that underlie the successful encoding and retrieval of information. The bulk of this research, however, has been conducted with stimuli intentionally chosen to elicit no emotional responses. But in our daily lives, many experiences are infused with emotional importance and personal significance: We receive a compliment from a coworker, or we witness a car crash. These memories are often powerfully vivid; we can feel transported in time as we re-experience these affect- laden moments.11,19,21,22,41,54,60,113,122 To date, most research examining why memories of emotional events have a different profile than memories of neutral events has focused on influences that are exerted as information is initially learned, 54,69,87,88,119 and our prior cycl of grant funding focused on encoding processes as well. This research has revealed an interesting effect of affective valence: negative events are encoded with more sensory processing and positive information is encoded with more conceptual processing, even when the events are equally high in arousal.69,72,73,74,103,104,105 Although less is known about how affect influences retrieval, many influential models of memory conceive of retrieval as a process during which the processes of encoding are reactivated23,108,174. If true, then affective influences during encoding should have downstream effects on the types of retrieval processes engaged or on the types of retrieval cues that would be most effective. The proposed research addresses this possibility, examining how the affective content of information influences the cognitive and neural processes engaged during memory retrieval, giving particular consideration to the possibility that the processes engaged during retrieval will be influenced by those engaged during encoding.