How Emotion Affects Memory for Detail: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Investigations

描述（由申请人提供）：认知神经科学研究极大地促进了我们对认知和神经过程的理解，这些过程是成功编码和检索信息的基础。然而，这项研究的大部分都是在有意选择不引起情绪反应的刺激下进行的。但在我们的日常生活中，许多经历都充满了情感重要性和个人意义：我们收到同事的赞美，或者我们目睹了一场车祸。这些记忆往往非常生动；当我们再次经历这些充满情感的时刻时，我们会感到时光穿梭。11,19,21,22,41,54,60,113,122迄今为止，大多数研究情绪性事件的记忆为何与中性事件的记忆有不同的特征，这些研究都集中在信息最初被学习时施加的影响上，54、69、87、88、119，我们之前的资助周期也集中在编码过程上。本研究揭示了一个有趣的情感效价效应：负面事件被编码为更多的感觉加工，而积极信息被编码为更多的概念加工，即使这些事件在唤醒时同样高。69,72,73,74,103,104,105尽管对情绪如何影响检索的了解较少，但许多有影响力的记忆模型认为检索是一个编码过程被重新激活的过程[23,108,174]。如果这是真的，那么编码过程中的情感影响应该对所参与的检索过程类型或最有效的检索线索类型产生下游影响。本文提出的研究解决了这种可能性，研究了信息的情感内容如何影响记忆检索过程中参与的认知和神经过程，特别考虑了在检索过程中参与的过程将受到编码过程影响的可能性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive neuroscience research has greatly advanced our understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that underlie the successful encoding and retrieval of information. The bulk of this research, however, has been conducted with stimuli intentionally chosen to elicit no emotional responses. But in our daily lives, many experiences are infused with emotional importance and personal significance: We receive a compliment from a coworker, or we witness a car crash. These memories are often powerfully vivid; we can feel transported in time as we re-experience these affect- laden moments.11,19,21,22,41,54,60,113,122 To date, most research examining why memories of emotional events have a different profile than memories of neutral events has focused on influences that are exerted as information is initially learned, 54,69,87,88,119 and our prior cycl of grant funding focused on encoding processes as well. This research has revealed an interesting effect of affective valence: negative events are encoded with more sensory processing and positive information is encoded with more conceptual processing, even when the events are equally high in arousal.69,72,73,74,103,104,105 Although less is known about how affect influences retrieval, many influential models of memory conceive of retrieval as a process during which the processes of encoding are reactivated23,108,174. If true, then affective influences during encoding should have downstream effects on the types of retrieval processes engaged or on the types of retrieval cues that would be most effective. The proposed research addresses this possibility, examining how the affective content of information influences the cognitive and neural processes engaged during memory retrieval, giving particular consideration to the possibility that the processes engaged during retrieval will be influenced by those engaged during encoding.