How Emotion Affects Memory for Detail: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Investigations

描述（由申请人提供）：认知神经科学研究极大地增进了我们对成功编码和检索信息的认知和神经过程的理解。然而，这项研究的大部分是在有意选择不引起情绪反应的刺激下进行的。但在我们的日常生活中，许多经历都充满了情感重要性和个人意义：我们收到同事的赞美，或者目睹一场车祸。这些记忆往往非常生动。当我们重新体验这些充满情感的时刻时，我们会感觉时光飞逝。11,19,21,22,41,54,60,113,122 迄今为止，大多数研究为什么情绪事件的记忆与中性事件的记忆具有不同的特征的研究都集中在信息最初学习时所施加的影响上，54,69,87,88,119 并且我们之前的资助周期也集中在编码过程上。这项研究揭示了情感效价的一个有趣的影响：负面事件用更多的感觉处理来编码，正面信息用更多的概念处理来编码，即使这些事件的唤醒程度同样高。69,72,73,74,103,104,105 尽管人们对情感如何影响检索知之甚少，但许多有影响力的记忆模型将检索视为一个过程，在此过程中编码过程被重新激活23,108,174。如果属实，那么编码过程中的情感影响应该对所涉及的检索过程类型或最有效的检索线索类型产生下游影响。拟议的研究解决了这种可能性，研究了信息的情感内容如何影响记忆检索期间参与的认知和神经过程，特别考虑了检索期间参与的过程将受到编码期间参与的过程影响的可能性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive neuroscience research has greatly advanced our understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that underlie the successful encoding and retrieval of information. The bulk of this research, however, has been conducted with stimuli intentionally chosen to elicit no emotional responses. But in our daily lives, many experiences are infused with emotional importance and personal significance: We receive a compliment from a coworker, or we witness a car crash. These memories are often powerfully vivid; we can feel transported in time as we re-experience these affect- laden moments.11,19,21,22,41,54,60,113,122 To date, most research examining why memories of emotional events have a different profile than memories of neutral events has focused on influences that are exerted as information is initially learned, 54,69,87,88,119 and our prior cycl of grant funding focused on encoding processes as well. This research has revealed an interesting effect of affective valence: negative events are encoded with more sensory processing and positive information is encoded with more conceptual processing, even when the events are equally high in arousal.69,72,73,74,103,104,105 Although less is known about how affect influences retrieval, many influential models of memory conceive of retrieval as a process during which the processes of encoding are reactivated23,108,174. If true, then affective influences during encoding should have downstream effects on the types of retrieval processes engaged or on the types of retrieval cues that would be most effective. The proposed research addresses this possibility, examining how the affective content of information influences the cognitive and neural processes engaged during memory retrieval, giving particular consideration to the possibility that the processes engaged during retrieval will be influenced by those engaged during encoding.