Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles that are Monovalent, Ultra-Stable, and Biocompa

描述（申请人提供）：荧光染料和纳米颗粒广泛应用于化学、生物和医学，但光稳定性差或毒性（纳米颗粒）。该提案的目标是利用最近发现的化学方法，使聚甘油树状大分子和超支化聚合物在核心结构周围紧密交联，创造出超稳定的、单价的有机纳米颗粒或有机涂层金属/硅纳米颗粒（< 6纳米尺寸）。聚甘油表面将通过闭合环复分解反应（RCM）进行烯丙化和交联，然后进行表面二羟基化以产生水溶性颗粒。这种化学反应通常被称为“多层收缩包装”。收缩包裹的目的是化学分离荧光团或预先存在的纳米颗粒，从而：(1)防止染料聚集，这通常会降低其性能；(2)防止其与膜和其他生物分子的不希望的结合，最重要的是，(3)减少或消除光漂白；(4)用致密的生物相容性护套稳定现有的纳米颗粒。我们提出，通过对荧光团或纳米颗粒的极端隔离，它可能无限期地发挥作用，从而实现一系列以前不可能实现的应用。荧光纳米粒子被设计成完全生物相容性，可以表现出一系列的激发和发射波长。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles are widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine but suffer from poor photostability or toxicity (nanoparticles). The goal of this proposal is to create ultra-stable, monovalent, organic nanoparticles or organic coated metallic/silicon nanoparticles (< 6 nm size) using recently discovered chemistry that allows polyglycerol dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers to be tightly cross-linked around a core structure. The polyglycerol surfaces will be allylated and cross-linked using the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction, followed by surface dihydroxylation to create a water-soluble particle. This chemistry is colloquially referred to as "multi-layer shrink-wrapping." The goal of the shrink-wrapping is to chemically isolate the fluorophore or preexisting nanoparticle and thus: (1) prevent dye aggregation, which often diminishes its performance, (2) prevent its undesired association with membranes and other biomolecules, and, most importantly, (3) reduce or eliminate photobleaching, and (4) stabilize existing nanoparticles with a dense, biocompatible sheath. We propose that through extreme isolation of the fluorophore or nanoparticle it may function indefinitely, thereby enabling a range of applications not previously possible. The fluorescent nanoparticles, which are designed to be fully biocompatible, can exhibit a range of excitation and emission wavelengths.