Origins and Implications of Sleep Deficits in Mothers of Toddlers

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究解决了在特定社会和发展背景下睡眠变化的一个研究不足，但可能很重要的含义：它询问母亲的睡眠不足是如何产生的，以及它们对幼儿的养育意味着什么。蹒跚学步的孩子给父母带来了挑战，许多孩子的父母都有睡眠不足的问题，这可能会加大养育孩子的挑战。该研究将测试一个模型，其中(1)家庭压力源以及家庭和母亲的个人资源影响(2)家庭混乱，就可预测的日常活动减少和噪音增加而言，这反过来影响(3)母亲的睡眠，就程度，碎片和可变性而言，影响(4)母亲的认知自我调节状态水平，以结构化任务衡量，这反过来影响(5)母亲对幼儿的养育。该研究还将测试一组假设的母亲气质调节因子，这些调节因子从混乱到睡眠（通过特质的消极情感），从睡眠到自我调节到养育子女（通过特质的努力控制和特质的积极情感）。这项研究将跟踪250名母亲的样本，从学步30个月到学步36个月，并将对连续性和变化的预测因素进行建模。样本将在两个地理区域招募，代表一系列社会经济水平，包括欧裔美国人和非裔美国人家庭。本研究将进一步了解影响母亲睡眠不足的家庭环境和母亲因素，睡眠不足与自我调节和育儿之间的关系，以及母亲气质维度如何调节从环境到母亲睡眠、从母亲睡眠到自我调节和育儿的路径。最终，该研究将为儿童早期临床和预防研究提供新的目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study addresses an under-researched, but likely important implication of sleep variations in a particular social and developmental context: It asks how mothers' sleep deficits arise and what they mean for parenting of toddlers. Toddlers create challenges for parents and many parents of toddlers experience sleep deficits, which could amplify the parenting challenges. The study will test a model in which (1) family stressors along with both family and mothers' individual resources influence (2) family chaos, in terms of fewer predictable routines and more noise, which in turn influences (3) mothers' sleep, in terms of extent, fragmentation, and variability, which influences (4) mothers' state levels of cognitive self-regulation, measured in structured tasks, which in turn influences (5) mothers' parenting of their toddlers. The study will also test a set of hypothesized mother temperament moderators of the paths from chaos to sleep (by trait negative affectivity), from sleep to self-regulation to parenting (by trait effortful control and by trait positive affectivity). The study will follow a sample of 250 mothers from toddler age 30 months to toddler age 36 months, and both continuity and predictors of change will be modeled. The sample will be recruited in two geographical areas and represent a range of socioeconomic levels and both European-American and African-American families. The study will advance knowledge about family environment and mother factors influencing mothers' sleep deficits, about how sleep deficits link to self-regulation and parenting, and about how mother temperament dimensions moderate the paths from environment to mother sleep and from mother sleep to self-regulation and parenting. Ultimately, the study will offer new targets for early childhood clinical and prevention research.