Origins and Implications of Sleep Deficits in Mothers of Toddlers

描述(由申请人提供)：这项拟议的研究解决了睡眠变化在特定社会和发展背景下研究不足但可能具有重要意义的一个问题：它询问母亲睡眠不足是如何产生的，以及它们对幼儿的养育意味着什么。蹒跚学步的孩子给父母带来了挑战，许多蹒跚学步的父母经历了睡眠不足，这可能会放大育儿方面的挑战。这项研究将测试一个模型，在这个模型中，(1)家庭压力与家庭和母亲的个人资源一起影响(2)家庭混乱，表现为更少的可预测的例行公事和更多的噪音，这反过来又影响(3)母亲的睡眠，从程度、碎片化和变异性方面影响(3)母亲的睡眠，这影响(4)母亲在结构化任务中测量的认知自我调节的状态水平，这反过来又影响(5)母亲对幼儿的养育。这项研究还将测试一组假想的母亲气质调节器，它们控制着从混乱到睡眠(通过特质消极情感)、从睡眠到自我调节到育儿(通过特质努力控制和通过特质积极情感)的路径。这项研究将跟踪250名母亲的样本，从幼儿30个月到幼儿36个月，并将对变化的连续性和预测性进行建模。样本将在两个地理区域招募，代表一系列社会经济水平以及欧洲裔美国人和非裔美国人家庭。这项研究将促进人们对家庭环境和影响母亲睡眠不足的母亲因素的了解，了解睡眠不足与自我调节和养育子女的关系，以及母亲气质维度如何调节从环境到母亲睡眠、从母亲睡眠到自我调节和育儿的途径。最终，这项研究将为儿童早期临床和预防研究提供新的目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study addresses an under-researched, but likely important implication of sleep variations in a particular social and developmental context: It asks how mothers' sleep deficits arise and what they mean for parenting of toddlers. Toddlers create challenges for parents and many parents of toddlers experience sleep deficits, which could amplify the parenting challenges. The study will test a model in which (1) family stressors along with both family and mothers' individual resources influence (2) family chaos, in terms of fewer predictable routines and more noise, which in turn influences (3) mothers' sleep, in terms of extent, fragmentation, and variability, which influences (4) mothers' state levels of cognitive self-regulation, measured in structured tasks, which in turn influences (5) mothers' parenting of their toddlers. The study will also test a set of hypothesized mother temperament moderators of the paths from chaos to sleep (by trait negative affectivity), from sleep to self-regulation to parenting (by trait effortful control and by trait positive affectivity). The study will follow a sample of 250 mothers from toddler age 30 months to toddler age 36 months, and both continuity and predictors of change will be modeled. The sample will be recruited in two geographical areas and represent a range of socioeconomic levels and both European-American and African-American families. The study will advance knowledge about family environment and mother factors influencing mothers' sleep deficits, about how sleep deficits link to self-regulation and parenting, and about how mother temperament dimensions moderate the paths from environment to mother sleep and from mother sleep to self-regulation and parenting. Ultimately, the study will offer new targets for early childhood clinical and prevention research.