Environmental Changes and Health Outcomes across 25 Years: Four US Cities

25 年来的环境变化和健康结果：美国四个城市

• 批准号: 8514717
• 负责人: PENNY GORDON-LARSEN
• 金额: $ 51.78万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-30 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8514717
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Anthropometry; Attention; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Biological Models; Body Weight; Cancer Grant Supplements (P30); Cereals; Characteristics; Chicago; Cities; Communities; Complex; Coronary artery; Coupled; Crime; Data; Data Quality; Data Set; Data Sources; Development; Diet; Dietary intake; Disease; Eating; Economics; Education; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Excision; Food; Frequencies; Funding; Geographic Information Systems; Geographic Locations; Health; Height; Incidence; Income; Individual; Inequality; Influentials; Life; Light; Link; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physical activity; Policies; Process; Race; Recreation; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Respondent; Restaurants; Risk; Risk Factors; Site; Social Environment; Source; Statistical Models; System; Technology; Time; Transportation; United States National Institutes of Health; Weight; Weight Gain; base; disorder risk; environmental change; experience; fast food; food consumption; food environment; food resource; improved; innovation; low socioeconomic status; migration; social; weight maintenance; young adult

ABSTRACT While observational research suggests an association between obesity-related social environment factors with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, very little research has addressed the specific factors and pathways linking the social environment to cardiometabolic risk. The primary reasons for this lack of research are: 1) lack of high quality data on diet, activity, measured height and weight over time linked to cardiometabolic risk biomarkers; 2) lack of fine-grain longitudinal data on the introduction, renovation, and closure of food- and activity-related environmental features; and 3) lack of complex statistical models examining each piece of the time-dependent, complex system, accounting for the process by which food, activity, and transportation facilities are established and expanded and the potential for individuals to selectively migrate to locate near such facilities. The 25-year, longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study provides a wide age range, high quality longitudinal, biological, behavioral and anthropometry and biomarker data of CARDIA, geographic diversity, and different patterns and pace of change across the four baseline cities: Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis and Oakland. The research team has developed a unique method to use retrospective and contemporary sources to create data on the timing and placement of introductions, renovations, and closures of: 1) food resources (e.g., restaurants, food shopping); 2) recreation facilities (e.g., trails, parks); and 3) transportation infrastructure (e.g., light rail, bike parking, bike paths) in Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Oakland over a 25-year period. Furthermore, we have developed sophisticated statistical models that account for purposeful (as opposed to random) placement of relevant resources in the social environment as well as individuals' ability to selectively migrate to locate near such resources. Study objectives include: 1) Develop and validate new fine-grain measures to capture introductions, renovations, and closures representing changes in: a) parks, trails, and other recreational sites; b) food environments; and c) transportation infrastructure that will be contemporaneously linked to CARDIA respondents' geographic locations over 25 years; and 2) Using this unique data source, estimate the effects of introductions, renovations, and closures of key food and activity facilities and transportation infrastructure on diet and activity behaviors, body weight and cardiometabolic risk in the four field cities over 25 years, while accounting for the endogenous placement of food and activity facilities and selective migration. We will specifically focus on comparisons across individual-level race, income, and education groups to examine how environmental factors contribute to race and SES inequalities in diet, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk from young- to mid-adulthood. The proposed research will improve current understanding of the mechanisms through which social environments (specifically broader societal, economic, and environmental contexts) influence health outcomes.

抽象的 观察研究表明，与肥胖相关的社会环境因素之间的关联与 肥胖和心脏代谢危险因素，很少的研究已经解决了特定因素和途径 将社会环境与心脏代谢风险联系起来。缺乏研究的主要原因是：1）缺乏 与心脏代谢风险有关的高质量数据，活动，活动的高度和体重 生物标志物； 2）缺乏有关食品和食物的简介，翻新和关闭的细粒纵向数据 与活动相关的环境特征； 3）缺乏检查每个部分的复杂统计模型 时间依赖，复杂的系统，考虑食物，活动和运输的过程 建立和扩展了设施，并有可能选择性地迁移以定位于附近的潜力 这样的设施。年轻人的25岁，纵向冠状动脉风险发展（CARDIA）研究 提供广泛的年龄范围，高质量的纵向，生物学，行为和人体测量法和生物标志物 Cardia的数据，地理多样性以及四个基线的不同模式以及变化的速度 城市：伯明翰，芝加哥，明尼阿波利斯和奥克兰。研究团队开发了一种独特的方法 使用回顾性和现代资源来创建有关介绍时间和放置的数据， 翻新和关闭：1）食品资源（例如餐馆，食品购物）； 2）娱乐设施 （例如，小径，公园）； 3）伯明翰的运输基础设施（例如轻轨，自行车停车场，自行车路径） 在25年的时间里，芝加哥，明尼阿波利斯和奥克兰。此外，我们已经发展出复杂的 统计模型是有目的（而不是随机）将相关资源放置在 社会环境以及个人有选择地迁移以靠近此类资源的能力。学习 目标包括：1）制定和验证新的细粒措施以捕获介绍，翻新和 封闭代表：a）公园，小径和其他休闲场所的变化； b）食物环境；和 c）将与Cardia受访者的地理学相关的运输基础设施 地点超过25年； 2）使用此独特的数据源，估算介绍的影响， 对饮食和活动的关键食品和活动设施以及运输基础设施的翻新以及关闭的关闭 在25年的四个野外城市中的行为，体重和心脏代谢风险，同时考虑到 食品和活动设施的内源性放置以及选择性迁移。我们将特别关注 比较个人级别的种族，收入和教育小组，以研究环境因素如何 从年轻人到中期的饮食，肥胖症和心脏代谢风险中的种族和SES不平等作用。 拟议的研究将提高对社会机制的当前理解 环境（特别是更广泛的社会，经济和环境环境）会影响健康结果。