Environmental Changes and Health Outcomes across 25 Years: Four US Cities

25 年来的环境变化和健康结果：美国四个城市

• 批准号: 8209501
• 负责人: PENNY GORDON-LARSEN
• 金额: $ 58.62万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-30 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8209501
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Anthropometry; Attention; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Biological Models; Body Weight; Cancer Grant Supplements (P30); Cereals; Characteristics; Chicago; Cities; Communities; Complex; Coronary artery; Coupled; Crime; Data; Data Quality; Data Set; Data Sources; Development; Diet; Dietary intake; Disease; Eating; Economics; Education; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Excision; Food; Frequencies; Funding; Geographic Information Systems; Geographic Locations; Health; Height; Incidence; Income; Individual; Inequality; Influentials; Life; Light; Link; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physical activity; Policies; Process; Race; Recreation; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Respondent; Restaurants; Risk; Risk Factors; Site; Social Environment; Source; Statistical Models; System; Technology; Time; Transportation; United States National Institutes of Health; Weight; Weight Gain; base; disorder risk; environmental change; experience; fast food; food consumption; food resource; improved; innovation; low socioeconomic status; migration; social; weight maintenance; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While observational research suggests an association between obesity-related social environment factors with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, very little research has addressed the specific factors and pathways linking the social environment to cardiometabolic risk. The primary reasons for this lack of research are: 1) lack of high quality data on diet, activity, measured height and weight over time linked to cardiometabolic risk biomarkers; 2) lack of fine-grain longitudinal data on the introduction, renovation, and closure of food- and activity-related environmental features; and 3) lack of complex statistical models examining each piece of the time-dependent, complex system, accounting for the process by which food, activity, and transportation facilities are established and expanded and the potential for individuals to selectively migrate to locate near such facilities. The 25-year, longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study provides a wide age range, high quality longitudinal, biological, behavioral and anthropometry and biomarker data of CARDIA, geographic diversity, and different patterns and pace of change across the four baseline cities: Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis and Oakland. The research team has developed a unique method to use retrospective and contemporary sources to create data on the timing and placement of introductions, renovations, and closures of: 1) food resources (e.g., restaurants, food shopping); 2) recreation facilities (e.g., trails, parks); and 3) transportation infrastructure (e.g., light rail, bike parking, bike paths) in Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Oakland over a 25-year period. Furthermore, we have developed sophisticated statistical models that account for purposeful (as opposed to random) placement of relevant resources in the social environment as well as individuals' ability to selectively migrate to locate near such resources. Study objectives include: 1) Develop and validate new fine-grain measures to capture introductions, renovations, and closures representing changes in: a) parks, trails, and other recreational sites; b) food environments; and c) transportation infrastructure that will be contemporaneously linked to CARDIA respondents' geographic locations over 25 years; and 2) Using this unique data source, estimate the effects of introductions, renovations, and closures of key food and activity facilities and transportation infrastructure on diet and activity behaviors, body weight and cardiometabolic risk in the four field cities over 25 years, while accounting for the endogenous placement of food and activity facilities and selective migration. We will specifically focus on comparisons across individual-level race, income, and education groups to examine how environmental factors contribute to race and SES inequalities in diet, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk from young- to mid-adulthood. The proposed research will improve current understanding of the mechanisms through which social environments (specifically broader societal, economic, and environmental contexts) influence health outcomes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The US is experiencing substantial burden in obesity and cardiometabolic disease, yet very little research has addressed the specific factors and pathways linking the social environment to cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the proposed research is to improve understanding of mechanisms through which social environments influence obesity and cardiometabolic risk, determine which factors in the social environment are particularly influential, and to advance analytic methods to understand these complex pathways. Ultimately the proposed research will inform macro-level social environment policies to mitigate early development of disease risk in the early to middle adult years.

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然观察性研究表明肥胖相关的社会环境因素与肥胖和心脏代谢风险因素之间存在关联，但很少有研究涉及将社会环境与心脏代谢风险联系起来的特定因素和途径。缺乏研究的主要原因是：1）缺乏与心脏代谢风险生物标志物相关的饮食，活动，测量身高和体重的高质量数据; 2）缺乏关于食物和活动相关环境特征的引入，更新和关闭的细粒度纵向数据;以及3）缺乏复杂的统计模型来检查依赖于时间的复杂系统的每一部分，解释食物，活动，以及个人有选择地迁移到这些设施附近居住的可能性。这项为期25年的年轻人冠状动脉风险发展纵向研究（CARDIA）提供了广泛的年龄范围、高质量的CARDIA纵向、生物学、行为和人体测量学和生物标志物数据、地理多样性以及四个基线城市（伯明翰、芝加哥、明尼阿波利斯和奥克兰）的不同模式和变化速度。研究小组开发了一种独特的方法，使用回顾性和当代来源来创建关于以下项目的引入、翻新和关闭的时间和位置的数据：1）食物资源（例如，餐馆，食品购物）; 2）娱乐设施（例如，小径、公园）;以及3）交通基础设施（例如，轻轨，自行车停车场，自行车道）在伯明翰，芝加哥，明尼阿波利斯和奥克兰超过25年的时间。此外，我们还开发了复杂的统计模型，这些模型解释了社会环境中相关资源的有目的（而不是随机）放置，以及个人选择性迁移到这些资源附近的能力。研究目的包括：1）开发和验证新的细粒度测量，以捕获代表以下变化的引入、翻新和关闭：a）公园、小径和其他娱乐场所; B）食品环境; c）将在25年内与CARDIA受访者的地理位置同时关联的交通基础设施;和2）使用这个独特的数据源，估计引进，翻新和关闭关键的食品和活动设施和交通基础设施对饮食和活动行为的影响，25年来，四个外地城市的体重和心脏代谢风险，同时考虑到食物和活动设施的内源性安置以及选择性移徙。我们将特别关注个人层面的种族，收入和教育群体之间的比较，以研究环境因素如何导致从年轻到中年的饮食，肥胖和心脏代谢风险的种族和SES不平等。拟议的研究将提高目前对社会环境（特别是更广泛的社会，经济和环境背景）影响健康结果的机制的理解。 公共卫生关系：美国正在经历肥胖和心脏代谢疾病的巨大负担，但很少有研究涉及将社会环境与心脏代谢风险联系起来的特定因素和途径。这项研究的目的是提高对社会环境影响肥胖和心脏代谢风险的机制的理解，确定社会环境中哪些因素特别有影响力，并推进分析方法来理解这些复杂的途径。最终，拟议的研究将为宏观层面的社会环境政策提供信息，以减轻成年早期至中期疾病风险的早期发展。