Cigarillo smoking: smoke toxicant content and user toxicant exposure and effects

描述（由申请人提供）：由于心血管疾病，癌症和其他健康问题，烟草使用每年导致超过40万美国人死亡。这种发病率和死亡率大部分是由于吸烟者吸入的有毒物质，如致癌物质，一氧化碳（CO）和产生依赖性的药物尼古丁。吸烟也与癌症和其他健康疾病有关，雪茄烟雾含有许多与香烟烟雾相同的有毒物质。不幸的是，与吸烟不同，近年来吸烟并没有减少，特别是在年轻人中，他们是小雪茄的最频繁使用者-一种由烟叶包装，再造烟草粘合剂和烟叶填料组成的短而细长的雪茄。小雪茄之所以吸引年轻消费者，是因为它有葡萄、樱桃和香草等诱人的口味，以及小雪茄在烟熏时产生的甜味。年轻人使用小雪茄也是因为人们认为小雪茄的危害比香烟小。事实上，人们普遍认为，通过一种被称为“炒作”的改性过程去除再造烟草粘合剂，可以减少接触小雪茄烟有毒物质。“也许最令人担忧的是，科学界对小雪茄的有毒物质暴露和影响及其各种使用形式（即，原始或修改形式）。了解小雪茄的使用涉及到一个跨学科的方法，解决小雪茄烟雾有毒产量，小雪茄用户有毒暴露，心血管和主观影响与小雪茄使用直接相关。本研究的具体目的是：（1）比较原材料的产毒量， 和改性小雪茄，（2）在实验室中调查原始和改性小雪茄的有毒物质暴露和影响，（3）检查参与者在自然环境中吸烟原始或改性小雪茄时的有毒物质暴露和影响。值得注意的是，关于香烟影响的类似信息已被用于告知预防和戒烟干预措施，并指导最近的烟草控制立法工作（即，2009年《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》。该项目与NCI的强化科学调查领域（连接国家癌症社区：2011财年年度计划和预算提案）一致，以支持美国FDA通过“制定确定产品成分变化影响的方法和措施”对烟草产品的监管。“在这种情况下，用户发起的修改，以减少接触到有害成分的雪茄烟。该提案结合了新开发的分析实验室和临床方法，以解决新出现的烟草使用现象。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use accounts for over 400,000 U.S deaths each year due to cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and other health problems. Much of this morbidity and mortality is attributable to the toxicants that cigarette smokers inhale like carcinogens, carbon monoxide (CO), and the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Cigar smoking is also linked to cancer and other health disorders, and cigar smoke contains many of the same toxicants as cigarette smoke. Unfortunately, unlike cigarette smoking, cigar smoking has not declined in recent years, especially among young adults who are the most frequent users of the cigarillo - a short, slender cigar comprised of a tobacco leaf wrapper, a reconstituted tobacco binder, and tobacco leaf filler. Cigarillos appeal to young consumers because of the availability of enticing flavors like grape, cherry, and vanilla, and the sweet aroma produced by cigarillos when smoked. Young adult use of cigarillos has also been spurred by perceptions of reduced harm of cigarillos compared to cigarettes. In fact, there is a widely-held belief that exposure to cigarillo smoke toxicants can be reduced by removing the reconstituted tobacco binder through a modification process known as "hyping." Perhaps most concerning is the scientific community knows very little about the toxicant exposure and effects of cigarillos and its various forms of use (i.e., original or modified forms). Understanding cigarilo use involves a transdisciplinary approach that addresses cigarillo smoke toxicant yield, cigarillo user toxicant exposure, and the cardiovascular and subjective effects associated with cigarillo use directly. The specific aims of this proposal are to: (1) Compare the toxicant yield of original and modified cigarillos, (2) Investigate toxicant exposure and effects of original and modified cigarillos in the laboratory, and (3) Examine toxicant exposure and effect when participants smoke original or modified cigarillos in their natural environment. Notable is that similar information regarding the effects of cigarettes has been used to inform prevention and cessation interventions and to guide recent legislative efforts in tobacco control (i.e., Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, 2009). This project is consistent with NCI's Areas of Intensified Scientific Investigation (Connecting the Nation's Cancer Community: An Annual Plan and Budget Proposal for FY2011) to support the U.S. FDA's regulation of tobacco products by "developing methods and measures for determining the impact of product ingredient changes." In this case, user-initiated modifications to reduce exposure to harmful ingredients in cigarillo smoke. This proposal uses a combination of newly-developed, analytical laboratory and clinical methods to address an emerging tobacco use phenomenon.