Cigarillo smoking: smoke toxicant content and user toxicant exposure and effects

描述(申请人提供)：美国每年有超过40万人死于吸烟、心血管疾病、癌症和其他健康问题。这种发病率和死亡率在很大程度上可归因于吸烟者吸入的有毒物质，如致癌物、一氧化碳(CO)和产生依赖的药物尼古丁。抽雪茄还与癌症和其他健康障碍有关，雪茄烟雾含有许多与香烟烟雾相同的有毒物质。不幸的是，与吸烟不同，雪茄的吸烟近年来并没有减少，特别是在最经常使用雪茄的年轻人中。雪茄是一种又短又细的雪茄，由烟叶包装纸、重组烟草粘合剂和烟叶填充物组成。雪茄对年轻消费者很有吸引力，因为雪茄有葡萄、樱桃和香草等诱人的味道，而且烟熏时会产生甜蜜的香味。与香烟相比，人们认为雪茄的危害更小，这也促使年轻人使用雪茄。事实上，人们普遍认为，通过一种被称为“炒作”的修饰过程去除重组烟草粘合剂，可以减少接触雪茄烟雾毒物的机会。也许最令人担忧的是，科学界对雪茄及其各种使用形式(即原始形式或改良形式)的毒物暴露和影响知之甚少。了解雪茄的使用涉及一种跨学科的方法，涉及雪茄烟雾毒物的产生、雪茄使用者的毒物暴露以及与雪茄使用直接相关的心血管和主观影响。这项建议的具体目的是：(1)比较原厂的毒物产率 (2)在实验室中调查原始雪茄和改良雪茄的毒物暴露和影响，以及(3)检查参与者在其自然环境中吸烟原始雪茄或改良雪茄时的毒物暴露和影响。值得注意的是，关于香烟影响的类似信息已被用来为预防和戒烟干预措施提供信息，并指导最近在烟草控制方面的立法努力(即，2009年《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》)。该项目与NCI加强科学研究的领域(连接全国癌症社区：2011财年的年度计划和预算提案)保持一致，通过“制定确定产品成分变化影响的方法和措施”来支持美国FDA对烟草产品的监管。在这种情况下，用户主动进行修改，以减少接触雪茄烟雾中的有害成分。这项建议结合了新开发的分析实验室和临床方法来解决一种新的烟草使用现象。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use accounts for over 400,000 U.S deaths each year due to cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and other health problems. Much of this morbidity and mortality is attributable to the toxicants that cigarette smokers inhale like carcinogens, carbon monoxide (CO), and the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Cigar smoking is also linked to cancer and other health disorders, and cigar smoke contains many of the same toxicants as cigarette smoke. Unfortunately, unlike cigarette smoking, cigar smoking has not declined in recent years, especially among young adults who are the most frequent users of the cigarillo - a short, slender cigar comprised of a tobacco leaf wrapper, a reconstituted tobacco binder, and tobacco leaf filler. Cigarillos appeal to young consumers because of the availability of enticing flavors like grape, cherry, and vanilla, and the sweet aroma produced by cigarillos when smoked. Young adult use of cigarillos has also been spurred by perceptions of reduced harm of cigarillos compared to cigarettes. In fact, there is a widely-held belief that exposure to cigarillo smoke toxicants can be reduced by removing the reconstituted tobacco binder through a modification process known as "hyping." Perhaps most concerning is the scientific community knows very little about the toxicant exposure and effects of cigarillos and its various forms of use (i.e., original or modified forms). Understanding cigarilo use involves a transdisciplinary approach that addresses cigarillo smoke toxicant yield, cigarillo user toxicant exposure, and the cardiovascular and subjective effects associated with cigarillo use directly. The specific aims of this proposal are to: (1) Compare the toxicant yield of original and modified cigarillos, (2) Investigate toxicant exposure and effects of original and modified cigarillos in the laboratory, and (3) Examine toxicant exposure and effect when participants smoke original or modified cigarillos in their natural environment. Notable is that similar information regarding the effects of cigarettes has been used to inform prevention and cessation interventions and to guide recent legislative efforts in tobacco control (i.e., Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, 2009). This project is consistent with NCI's Areas of Intensified Scientific Investigation (Connecting the Nation's Cancer Community: An Annual Plan and Budget Proposal for FY2011) to support the U.S. FDA's regulation of tobacco products by "developing methods and measures for determining the impact of product ingredient changes." In this case, user-initiated modifications to reduce exposure to harmful ingredients in cigarillo smoke. This proposal uses a combination of newly-developed, analytical laboratory and clinical methods to address an emerging tobacco use phenomenon.