REALTIME waterpipe tobacco smoke toxicant sampling in the natural environment

自然环境中实时水烟烟雾毒物采样

• 批准号: 8582541
• 负责人: THOMAS EVAN EISSENBERG
• 金额: $ 43.91万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8582541
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescent and Young Adult; Aldehydes; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Behavior; Breathing; Cancer Etiology; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Charcoal; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Chemistry; Consent; Data; Dependence; Deposition; Devices; Engineering; Environment; Epidemic; Flavoring; Generations; Head; Health; Heating; Individual; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Learning; Link; Lung diseases; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Morbidity - disease rate; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Outcome; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevalence; Psychologist; Public Health; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Sum; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco use; Toxicant exposure; United States National Institutes of Health; Water; base; behavioral pharmacology; cigarette smoking; cigarette smoking; design; experience; hookah; instrument; mortality; particle; prevent; programs; prototype; public health relevance; response; smoking cessation; tobacco prevention; toxicant; university student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Globally, tobacco use accounts for 4.9 million deaths each year. These deaths are caused by inhaled smoke toxicants. Extensive research describes cigarette smoke toxicant content (or "yield"), a vital link to understanding user toxicant exposure. However, millions of people use waterpipes (WP) to smoke tobacco. WP tobacco smoking may also be deadly, though little is known about WP smoke toxicant yield. A WP (hookah, shisha) has a hose, water bowl, body, and a "head" filled with sweetened and flavored tobacco that is heated with charcoal. WP tobacco smoking is increasing in the U.S., especially among college students. Relative to one cigarette, one WP use episode can generate 100 times the smoke. Current technology demands that, if we are to learn about WP smoke, we must use machines to generate it. Machine-generated smoke may limit validity because generation of WP smoke involves several key variables that differ by user and use episode which cannot be standardized in the analytical lab. This response to PAR-08-212 integrates mechanical engineering, chemistry, and clinical behavioral pharmacology to develop and test an unobtrusive WP smoke sampling instrument for the purpose of assessing the toxicant content of smoke produced in the natural environment. The specific aims are to: 1) Characterize a real-time WP smoke sampling device (Years 1-3). We have developed a prototype device that measures puff topography and samples WP smoke in real- time (REALTIME). Because particle deposition in the device may alter smoke toxicant content, correction factors need to be developed to infer true toxicant content from that measured. We will therefore measure toxicant-specific deposition fractions in the device, in particular for: particle number, particle mass, nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2) Evaluate REALTIME design options in the clinical laboratory (Years 1 and 2). Two design options, placement of the smoke sampler and the percentage of smoke sampled, involve tradeoffs between accurate measurement of toxicant content and realistic smoker behavior. We propose two controlled clinical laboratory studies to inform design option choice, with Study 1 addressing sampler placement (bowl or mouthpiece) and Study 2 addressing percentage of smoke sampled (2, 5, or 10%). The preferred option maximizes realistic smoke toxicant analysis while minimizing effects on smoker behavior. 3) Evaluate REALTIME in the natural environment (years 4 and 5). REALTIME will be attached to WPs used by consenting individual and groups of WP cafi patrons. The study will demonstrate REALTIME's use in natural settings and examine the relationship between the number of WP users and tobacco temperature and WP smoke toxicant yield. In sum, the technology and methodology developed in this project will enable valid analysis of WP smoke toxicant content. This interdisciplinary project addresses an emerging public health threat and is directly relevant to the NIH mission and wholly responsive to PAR-08-212.

描述（由申请人提供）：在全球范围内，烟草使用每年导致490万人死亡。这些死亡是由吸入有毒烟雾引起的。广泛的研究描述了香烟烟雾中的有毒物质含量（或“产量”），这是了解用户有毒物质暴露的重要环节。然而，数百万人使用水管（WP）吸烟。可湿性粉剂烟草吸烟也可能是致命的，虽然很少有人知道可湿性粉剂烟雾有毒产量。一个WP（水烟，水烟）有一个软管，水碗，身体，和一个“头”充满了甜和香料烟草，是用木炭加热。在美国，可湿性粉剂烟草吸烟正在增加，尤其是在大学生中。相对于一支香烟，一次WP使用事件可以产生100倍的烟雾。目前的技术要求，如果我们要了解WP烟雾，我们必须使用机器来生成它。机器生成的烟雾可能会限制有效性，因为WP烟雾的生成涉及几个关键变量，这些变量因用户和使用事件而异，无法在分析实验室中标准化。对PAR-08-212的响应整合了机械工程、化学和临床行为药理学，以开发和测试一种不引人注目的WP烟雾采样仪器，用于评估自然环境中产生的烟雾的有毒物质含量。具体目标是：1）表征实时WP烟雾采样装置（第1-3年）。我们已经开发了一个原型设备，测量喷烟地形和样品WP烟雾在真实的时间（REALTIME）。由于装置中的颗粒沉积可能会改变烟雾中的有毒物质含量，因此需要开发校正因子，以从测量值中推断出真正的有毒物质含量。因此，我们将测量设备中的有毒物质特定沉积分数，特别是：颗粒数量、颗粒质量、尼古丁、烟草特定亚硝胺和多环芳烃。2)在临床实验室中评价REALTIME设计选项（第1年和第2年）。两个设计方案，烟雾采样器的位置和烟雾采样的百分比，涉及到有毒物质含量的准确测量和现实的吸烟者行为之间的权衡。我们提出了两项对照临床实验室研究，以告知设计选项的选择，研究1解决采样器放置（碗或烟嘴）和研究2解决烟雾采样的百分比（2，5或10%）。首选方案最大限度地提高了现实的烟雾毒物分析，同时最大限度地减少了对吸烟者行为的影响。3)在自然环境中评估实时（第4年和第5年）。REALTIME将附加到同意的个人和WP咖啡馆顾客团体使用的WP。该研究将展示REALTIME在自然环境中的使用，并研究WP使用者数量与烟草温度和WP烟雾毒性产量之间的关系。总之，本项目开发的技术和方法将使WP烟雾有毒物质含量的有效分析成为可能。这个跨学科的项目解决了一个新出现的公共卫生威胁，是直接相关的NIH使命和完全响应PAR-08-212。