Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Decisions and Impulse Control in Nutrition Behavior

营养行为中决策和冲动控制的神经认知机制

• 批准号: 8449701
• 负责人: Susan L. Ames
• 金额: $ 35.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8449701
• 关键词: Adolescent; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior; Binge Eating; Brain region; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Decision Making; Dopamine; Drug usage; Eating; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Goals; Habits; Imaging Techniques; Impulsive Behavior; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Iowa; Knowledge; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Modeling; Neural Pathways; Neurocognitive; Pattern; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Public Health; Questionnaires; Relative (related person); Research; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; System; Testing; Translating; behavior measurement; cancer prevention; cancer risk; craving; deprivation; drug abuse prevention; experience; food consumption; improved; neuromechanism; novel; nutrition; obesity risk; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; social; substance abuse prevention; sugar

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project seeks to identify key neural pathways responsible for one's loss of ability to self-control and exert willpower when faced with tempting choices such as drugs. However, given the impracticality of using drugs in a population of adolescents, we will use food cues as a model to examine how calorie-rich food impacts activity within these neural systems. Three key neural systems are hypothesized to contribute to the loss of willpower to resist food, and these same neural systems have been implicated in the willpower to resist drugs: (1) a hyperactive amygdala-striatal (dopamine-dependent) neural system, which promotes cue-induced habitual behaviors; (2) a hypoactive prefrontal cortex neural system, which subserves decision-making and impulse control capacities; and (3) an altered insular cortex function, which responds to homeostatic and interoceptive signals triggered by states of deprivation, or by exposure to environmental cues that elicit craving. The insula translates these interoceptive signals into what subjectively become experienced as an urge, which in turn acts to (1) exacerbate the hypersensivity of the amygdala-striatal system, and (2) weaken the inhibitory function of the prefrontal system. Using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we will test the hypothesis that high behavioral measures of consumption of foods that are high in fat and sugar, as measured by the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ), will correlate with (1) increased activity in an amygdala-striatal neural system that promotes habitual and impulsive behaviors, and (2) decreased activity in a prefrontal cortex system for decision-making and inhibitory control. We will also test the hypothesis that food deprivation induces an increased activation of the insular cortex with the consequence of exacerbating activity of the habit system, and weakening activity of the prefrontal system. The proposed research is of high public health significance as it advances knowledge for creating novel intervention strategies that are transferrable to the prevention of substance abuse. In particular, the current project is also relevant to cancer prevention as it advances knowledge that promotes healthier eating, avert compulsive eating, and reduce cancer risk behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目旨在确定关键的神经通路负责一个人的自我控制能力的丧失，并发挥意志力时，面对诱人的选择，如药物。然而，考虑到在青少年人群中使用药物是不切实际的，我们将使用食物线索作为模型来研究富含卡路里的食物如何影响这些神经系统的活动。三个关键的神经系统被假设为有助于抵抗食物的意志力的丧失，并且这些相同的神经系统也与抵抗药物的意志力有关：（1）过度活跃的杏仁核-纹状体（多巴胺依赖）神经系统，促进线索诱导的习惯性行为;（2）活动减退的前额叶皮层神经系统，有助于决策和冲动控制能力;以及（3）改变的岛叶皮层功能，其响应于由剥夺状态或暴露于引发渴望的环境线索触发的稳态和内感受信号。大脑皮层将这些内感受信号转化为主观感受到的冲动，这反过来又会（1）加剧杏仁核-纹状体系统的超敏性，（2）削弱前额叶系统的抑制功能。使用BOLD功能性磁共振成像技术，我们将测试以下假设：如青年/青少年问卷（YAQ）所测量的，高脂肪和高糖食物消费的高行为测量值将与（1）杏仁核-纹状体神经系统的活动增加相关，该系统促进习惯性和冲动行为，以及（2）前额叶皮层系统中用于决策和抑制控制的活动减少。我们还将测试的假设，即食物剥夺诱导增加激活的岛叶皮层的结果加剧的习惯系统的活动，并削弱活动的前额叶系统。拟议的研究具有很高的公共卫生意义，因为它为创造可转移到预防药物滥用的新干预策略提供了知识。特别是，目前的项目也与癌症预防有关，因为它促进了促进健康饮食，避免强迫性饮食和减少癌症风险行为的知识。