Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Decisions and Impulse Control in Nutrition Behavior

营养行为中决策和冲动控制的神经认知机制

• 批准号: 8104964
• 负责人: Susan L. Ames
• 金额: $ 40.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8104964
• 关键词: Adolescent; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior; Binge Eating; Brain region; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Decision Making; Dopamine; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Eating; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Goals; Habits; Imaging Techniques; Impulsive Behavior; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Iowa; Knowledge; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Modeling; Neural Pathways; Neurocognitive; Pattern; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Public Health; Questionnaires; Relative (related person); Research; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; System; Testing; Translating; behavior measurement; cancer prevention; cancer risk; craving; deprivation; experience; food consumption; improved; neuromechanism; novel; nutrition; obesity risk; prevent; relating to nervous system; social; substance abuse prevention; sugar

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project seeks to identify key neural pathways responsible for one's loss of ability to self-control and exert willpower when faced with tempting choices such as drugs. However, given the impracticality of using drugs in a population of adolescents, we will use food cues as a model to examine how calorie-rich food impacts activity within these neural systems. Three key neural systems are hypothesized to contribute to the loss of willpower to resist food, and these same neural systems have been implicated in the willpower to resist drugs: (1) a hyperactive amygdala-striatal (dopamine-dependent) neural system, which promotes cue-induced habitual behaviors; (2) a hypoactive prefrontal cortex neural system, which subserves decision-making and impulse control capacities; and (3) an altered insular cortex function, which responds to homeostatic and interoceptive signals triggered by states of deprivation, or by exposure to environmental cues that elicit craving. The insula translates these interoceptive signals into what subjectively become experienced as an urge, which in turn acts to (1) exacerbate the hypersensivity of the amygdala-striatal system, and (2) weaken the inhibitory function of the prefrontal system. Using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we will test the hypothesis that high behavioral measures of consumption of foods that are high in fat and sugar, as measured by the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ), will correlate with (1) increased activity in an amygdala-striatal neural system that promotes habitual and impulsive behaviors, and (2) decreased activity in a prefrontal cortex system for decision-making and inhibitory control. We will also test the hypothesis that food deprivation induces an increased activation of the insular cortex with the consequence of exacerbating activity of the habit system, and weakening activity of the prefrontal system. The proposed research is of high public health significance as it advances knowledge for creating novel intervention strategies that are transferrable to the prevention of substance abuse. In particular, the current project is also relevant to cancer prevention as it advances knowledge that promotes healthier eating, avert compulsive eating, and reduce cancer risk behaviors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project seeks to identify key neural pathways responsible for one's loss of ability to self-control and exert willpower when faced with tempting choices such as drugs. However, given the impracticality of using drugs in a population of adolescents, we will use food cues as a model to examine how calorie-rich food impacts activity within these neural systems. Three key neural systems are hypothesized to contribute to the loss of willpower to resist food, and these same neural systems have been implicated in the willpower to resist drugs: (1) a hyperactive amygdala-striatal (dopamine-dependent) neural system, which promotes cue-induced habitual behaviors; (2) a hypoactive prefrontal cortex neural system, which subserves decision-making and impulse control capacities; and (3) an altered insular cortex function, which responds to homeostatic and interoceptive signals triggered by states of deprivation, or by exposure to environmental cues that elicit craving. The insula translates these interoceptive signals into what subjectively become experienced as an urge, which in turn acts to (1) exacerbate the hypersensivity of the amygdala-striatal system, and (2) weaken the inhibitory function of the prefrontal system. Using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we will test the hypothesis that high behavioral measures of consumption of foods that are high in fat and sugar, as measured by the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ), will correlate with (1) increased activity in an amygdala-striatal neural system that promotes habitual and impulsive behaviors, and (2) decreased activity in a prefrontal cortex system for decision-making and inhibitory control. We will also test the hypothesis that food deprivation induces an increased activation of the insular cortex with the consequence of exacerbating activity of the habit system, and weakening activity of the prefrontal system. The proposed research is of high public health significance as it advances knowledge for creating novel intervention strategies that are transferrable to the prevention of substance abuse. In particular, the current project is also relevant to cancer prevention as it advances knowledge that promotes healthier eating, avert compulsive eating, and reduce cancer risk behaviors.

描述(由申请者提供)：这个项目试图确定一个人在面临药物等诱人选择时失去自我控制和发挥意志力的能力的关键神经通路。然而，考虑到在青少年人群中使用药物是不切实际的，我们将使用食物线索作为一个模型来研究高卡路里食物如何影响这些神经系统内的活动。据推测，三个关键神经系统会导致丧失抵抗食物的意志力，而这些神经系统也与抵抗药物的意志力有关：(1)过度活跃的杏仁核-纹状体(多巴胺依赖)神经系统，它促进线索诱导的习惯性行为；(2)低活动的前额叶皮质神经系统，帮助决策和冲动控制能力；以及(3)岛叶皮质功能改变，它对由剥夺状态或暴露在引发渴望的环境线索中触发的动态平衡和相互感受信号做出反应。脑岛将这些感觉间的信号转化为主观上体验到的冲动，进而起到(1)加剧杏仁核-纹状体系统的过敏性，(2)削弱前额叶系统的抑制功能的作用。使用BOLD功能磁共振成像技术，我们将检验这一假设，即青少年/青少年问卷(YAQ)测量的高脂肪和高糖食物的高行为指标将与(1)促进习惯性和冲动行为的杏仁核-纹状体神经系统活动增加，以及(2)用于决策和抑制控制的前额皮质系统活动减少相关。我们还将检验这样一种假设，即食物剥夺会导致岛叶皮质的激活增加，从而加剧习惯系统的活动，削弱前额叶系统的活动。这项拟议的研究具有很高的公共卫生意义，因为它为创造可转移到预防药物滥用的新的干预策略提供了知识。特别是，目前的项目也与癌症预防相关，因为它促进了促进健康饮食、避免强迫饮食和减少癌症危险行为的知识。 与公共健康相关：这个项目试图找出导致一个人在面临药物等诱人选择时失去自我控制和发挥意志力的能力的关键神经通路。然而，考虑到在青少年人群中使用药物是不切实际的，我们将使用食物线索作为一个模型来研究高卡路里食物如何影响这些神经系统内的活动。据推测，三个关键神经系统会导致丧失抵抗食物的意志力，而这些神经系统也与抵抗药物的意志力有关：(1)过度活跃的杏仁核-纹状体(多巴胺依赖)神经系统，它促进线索诱导的习惯性行为；(2)低活动的前额叶皮质神经系统，帮助决策和冲动控制能力；以及(3)岛叶皮质功能改变，它对由剥夺状态或暴露在引发渴望的环境线索中触发的动态平衡和相互感受信号做出反应。脑岛将这些感觉间的信号转化为主观上体验到的冲动，进而起到(1)加剧杏仁核-纹状体系统的过敏性，(2)削弱前额叶系统的抑制功能的作用。使用BOLD功能磁共振成像技术，我们将检验这一假设，即青少年/青少年问卷(YAQ)测量的高脂肪和高糖食物的高行为指标将与(1)促进习惯性和冲动行为的杏仁核-纹状体神经系统活动增加，以及(2)用于决策和抑制控制的前额皮质系统活动减少相关。我们还将检验这样一种假设，即食物剥夺会导致岛叶皮质的激活增加，从而加剧习惯系统的活动，削弱前额叶系统的活动。这项拟议的研究具有很高的公共卫生意义，因为它为创造可转移到预防药物滥用的新的干预策略提供了知识。特别是，目前的项目也与癌症预防相关，因为它促进了促进健康饮食、避免强迫饮食和减少癌症危险行为的知识。