Effect of decals on teen compliance with and enforcement of driving restrictions

贴花对青少年遵守和执行驾驶限制的影响

• 批准号: 8501609
• 负责人: Allison Elizabeth Curry
• 金额: $ 7.95万
• 依托单位: CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8501609
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Age; Automobile Driving; Cellular Phone; Child; Child health care; Country; Data; Data Element; Databases; Decal; Effectiveness; Electronics; Equipment; Evaluation; Event; Foundations; Future; Geographic state; Goals; Health; Human Development; Individual; Institutes; International; Intervention; Law Enforcement; Laws; Licensing; Licensure; Link; Methodology; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; New Jersey; Patient Self-Report; Police; Police officer; Policies; Population; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Rural; Safety; Sampling; Seat Belts; Socioeconomic Status; Subgroup; Surveys; Techniques; Teenagers; Time; Vehicle crash; Young driver; design; driving behavior; evidence base; high risk; innovation; mortality; novel; peer; population based; prevent; programs; residence; sex; trafficking; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws have significantly reduced the burden of teen crashes, in part by restricting newly-licensed teen drivers (i.e., probationary drivers) from engaging in high-risk driving behaviors. However, their effectiveness has been limited by challenges with: (1) teen drivers' willingness to comply with GDL restrictions and (2) law enforcement's ability to enforce these restrictions, given there is no obvious way to identify a probationary driver's vehicle. New Jersey (NJ) recently implemented the first-in-the-nation decal provision into their GDL law, requiring probationary drivers to disply highly-visible decals on their cars while driving. This innovative law is designed to facilitate enforcement of GDL restrictions and increase the likelihood that probationary drivers avoid high-risk driving behaviors, thereby reducing their crash risk. Although several other countries have long required decals, decal provisions have not yet been evaluated, in part because of a lack of adequate research methods. This study aims to evaluate the effect of NJ's decal provision on probationary drivers' compliance with four GDL restrictions (peer passengers limits, nighttime curfew, ban on use of electronic equipment, and required seat belt use) and police officers' enforcement of these restrictions. Additionally, the study will determine predictors of compliance with current NJ GDL restrictions in order to identify adolescent driver subgroups at high-risk of engagement in risky driving behaviors. To overcome methodological challenges, we will employ a novel application of the induced exposure technique, a validated method unique to traffic safety research. In particular, this study will borrow the technique's main principle, that non-responsible drivers in two-car crashes are randomly selected by responsible drivers from the population of road users and thus are a reasonably representative sample of the road user population, to make population- based pre- and post-law estimates of compliance among NJ probationary drivers. To address specific aims, we will analyze a linked database containing NJ crash and driver licensing information. Data from NJ's crash report will be used to identify the proportion of non-responsible probationary drivers in crashes who were complying with each restriction, while data on GDL-related citations will be used to estimate GDL enforcement among non-complying probationary drivers. This evaluation is critical to the future of GDL decal laws in the U.S., as several states are awaiting results as they consider implementing similar provisions. Further, this study will contribute to building the scientific evidence base for decal provisions - a controversial, but potentially important policy intervention to enhance GDL. Finally, this study will advance the field of young driver research by providing researchers with an innovative method to: (1) evaluate the effects of policy-level interventions on driving behavior;(2) estimate the extent of engagement in hard-to-capture risky behaviors (e.g., nighttime driving) among various young driver subgroups; and (3) identify high-risk subgroups of young drivers to target for future interventions. Although Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws have significantly reduced the burden of teen motor vehicle crashes, their potential to have an even greater impact on public health hinges on efforts to enhance teen compliance with and police enforcement of GDL restrictions (passenger limit, curfew, seat belt use, cell phone restriction). This study will evaluate whether New Jersey's innovative effort to do so - a GDL law requiring novice teen drivers to display a decal on their vehicle's license plate to make themselves easily identifiable to police - increases teen drivers' compliance with and officers' enforcement of GDL restrictions. Results will productively inform future refinements of New Jersey's law, guide decisions of policymakers in other U.S. states considering similar laws, and provide much-needed scientific evidence as to the effectiveness of decal laws.

描述（由申请人提供）：毕业驾驶执照（GDL）法律大大减少了青少年撞车的负担，部分原因是限制了新获得执照的青少年司机（即，驾驶员（驾驶员）从事高风险驾驶行为。然而，他们的有效性受到以下挑战的限制：（1）青少年司机愿意遵守GDL限制，（2）执法部门执行这些限制的能力，因为没有 很容易就能认出一个实习司机的车新泽西（新泽西州）最近实施了第一次在全国贴花规定到他们的GDL法律，要求试用司机隐藏高度可见的贴花对他们的汽车，而驾驶。这项创新的法律旨在促进GDL限制的执行，并增加试用司机避免高风险驾驶行为的可能性，从而降低他们的撞车风险。虽然其他几个国家早就要求贴贴花，但尚未对贴花规定进行评价，部分原因是缺乏适当的研究方法。本研究旨在评估新泽西州的贴花规定对试用司机遵守四个GDL限制（同行乘客限制，夜间宵禁，禁止使用电子设备，并要求使用安全带）和警察执行这些限制的影响。此外，该研究将确定遵守当前新泽西州GDL限制的预测因素，以确定参与危险驾驶行为的高风险青少年驾驶员亚群。为了克服方法上的挑战，我们将采用一种新的应用程序的诱导暴露技术，一种经过验证的方法，独特的交通安全研究。特别是，这项研究将借用技术的主要原则，即在两辆车相撞的非负责任的司机是随机选择的负责任的司机从人口的道路使用者，因此是一个合理的代表性样本的道路使用者人口，使人口为基础的前和后的法律估计遵守新泽西州试用司机。为了解决具体的目标，我们将分析一个链接的数据库，其中包含新泽西州的碰撞和驾驶执照信息。来自新泽西州事故报告的数据将用于确定事故中遵守每项限制的非负责任试用司机的比例，而GDL相关引用的数据将用于估计不遵守试用司机的GDL执行情况。这项评估对美国GDL贴花法的未来至关重要，因为有几个国家正在考虑执行类似规定，等待结果。此外，这项研究将有助于建立贴花规定的科学证据基础-一个有争议的，但潜在的重要政策干预，以提高GDL。最后，这项研究将通过为研究人员提供一种创新的方法来推进年轻驾驶员研究领域：（1）评估政策层面干预对驾驶行为的影响;（2）估计参与难以捕捉的危险行为的程度（例如，夜间驾驶）;（3）确定年轻驾驶员的高风险亚组，以作为未来干预的目标。虽然分级驾驶执照（GDL）的法律已经大大减少了青少年机动车碰撞的负担，他们的潜力有更大的影响，对公共卫生取决于努力加强青少年遵守和警察执法GDL的限制（乘客限制，宵禁，安全带的使用，手机限制）。这项研究将评估是否新泽西的创新努力，这样做-GDL法律要求新手青少年司机显示贴花在他们的车辆的车牌，使自己很容易识别警察-增加青少年司机的遵守和官员的GDL限制的执行。结果将有效地为新泽西法律的未来改进提供信息，指导美国其他州考虑类似法律的决策者的决策，并为贴花法的有效性提供急需的科学证据。

项目成果

Young Driver Compliance With Graduated Driver Licensing Restrictions Before and After Implementation of a Decal Provision.

在实施贴花规定之前和之后，年轻驾驶员遵守分级驾驶员执照限制。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.292
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
• 作者: Palumbo,AimeeJ;Pfeiffer,MelissaR;Elliott,MichaelR;Curry,AllisonE
• 通讯作者: Curry,AllisonE

Statistical implications of using moving violation data to determine crash responsibility.

使用移动违规数据确定碰撞责任的统计意义。

• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference
• 作者: Curry,AllisonE;Pfeiffer,MelissaR;Myers,Rachel;Elliott,MichaelR
• 通讯作者: Elliott,MichaelR