Catalyzing Young Driver Research via Data Linkage: Development of a Comprehensive Traffic Safety Data Warehouse

项目摘要 机动车碰撞数据与其他现有数据源的高质量链接具有催化作用的潜力 我们对撞车的理解取得了进展--撞车是美国青少年死亡的主要原因。然而， 年轻司机安全领域严重依赖于只分析公开的未识别的撞车事故的研究 数据。孤立地分析崩溃数据将研究时间限制在基本上几分钟内，并具有重要的 妨碍利用碰撞数据有效进行关键研究的能力的限制。因此，长期目标是 该R21项目的主要目的是利用关联碰撞数据的力量来增强对 年轻司机的负担出了车祸。在过去的五年里，项目团队开发了一个独特的链接 数据库-新泽西州交通安全结果(NJ-TSO)数据库-包含完整的驾驶执照， 警方报告的撞车事故和新泽西州所有司机(1000万)从2004年到2014年的交通传票数据。整体而言 拟议项目的目标是通过在全州范围内整合另外三个项目来扩展这一研究计划 新泽西州的数据来源：出生证明、出院证明和死亡证明数据。由此产生的NJ-TSO数据 仓库，它将包括从底层开始跨越连续体的单个级别的纵向数据 对伤害结果和死亡的促成因素和以前的相关事件是创新的，因为它将是 到目前为止，最全面的数据资源集中在年轻司机身上。该项目有三个具体目标。第一, NJ-TSO数据仓库将通过完全集成三个额外的全州范围的数据源来创建，使用 建立了概率关联方法。其次，将为所有许可用户派生关键分析数据元素 司机和所有涉及车祸的司机。这些措施将包括：(1)对住宅地址进行地理编码，以增加 仓库支持未来空间和邻里层面分析的效用；(2)种族和族裔-- 未包括在新泽西州许可或崩溃数据中但对实施基础 和与政策相关的年轻司机研究-使用新集成的数据源和 贝叶斯改进的姓氏地理编码方法；以及(3)使用数据组合的碰撞伤亡 消息来源。第三，该项目将作出独特的方法学贡献，通过量化震级和 通过使用碰撞报告数据(相对于医院/死亡)来确定与碰撞相关的伤害而引入的偏向。 拟议的研究具有重要意义，因为所产生的仓库将完全准备好直接解决关键的、 年轻司机安全方面的高优先级研究问题。由于新泽西州-TSO仓库将包括所有年龄段的司机， 它还有可能成为在广泛的高优先领域进行合作的数据资源 交通安全，包括：受损驾驶；无证驾驶撞车；年龄较大的司机(65岁)撞车；行人 和脚踏车车手受伤；以及儿童乘客安全。这将确保项目优化 新泽西州-TSO数据仓库，以改善公众健康和所有道路使用者的安全。

Project Abstract High-quality linkage of motor vehicle crash data to other existing data sources has the potential to catalyze advancements in our understanding of crashes—the leading cause of death among US adolescents. However, the field of young driver safety relies heavily on studies that analyze only publically available de-identified crash data. Analyzing crash data in isolation restricts the study period to essentially a few minutes and has important limitations that hinder the ability to utilize crash data to validly conduct critical research. Thus, the long-term goal of this R21 project is to harness the power of linked crash data to enhance knowledge of the contributors to and burden of young driver crashes. Over the last five years, the project team has developed a unique linked database—the New Jersey Traffic Safety Outcomes (NJ-TSO) database—that contains the full driver licensing, police-reported crash, and traffic citation data of all NJ drivers (10 million) from 2004 through 2014. The overall objective of the proposed project is to extend this program of research by integrating three additional statewide sources of data in NJ: birth certificate, hospital discharge, and death certificate data. The resultant NJ-TSO data warehouse, which will include individual-level longitudinal data that span the continuum from underlying contributing factors and relevant previous events to injury outcomes and death, is innovative as it will be the most comprehensive data resource focused on young drivers to date. The project has three specific aims. First, the NJ-TSO data warehouse will be created by fully integrating the three additional statewide data sources using established probabilistic linkage methods. Second, key analytic data elements will be derived for all licensed drivers and all crash-involved drivers. These will include: (1) geocoded residential addresses in order to increase the utility of the warehouse to support future spatial and neighborhood-level analyses; (2) race and ethnicity— data elements that are not included in NJ licensing or crash data but are critical to the conduct of foundational and policy-relevant young driver research—using a combination of the newly-integrated data sources and Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding methods; and (3) crash injuries/fatalities using a combination of data sources. Third, the project will make a unique methodological contribution by quantifying the magnitude and direction of bias introduced by using crash report data (vs. hospital/death) to ascertain crash-related injuries. The proposed research is significant in that the resultant warehouse will be fully primed to directly address critical, high-priority research questions in young driver safety. As the NJ-TSO warehouse will include drivers of all ages, it will also have the potential to serve as a data resource for collaborations on a wide array of high-priority areas of traffic safety, including: impaired driving; unlicensed driver crashes; older driver (> age 65) crashes; pedestrian and pedalcyclist injuries; and child passenger safety. This will ensure that the project optimizes the ability of the NJ-TSO data warehouse to improve public health and the safety of all road users.