Aldosterone and Sodium Regulation in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

描述（由申请人提供）：体位性心动过速综合征（POTS）是一种衰弱性临床疾病，其特征为对直立姿势不耐受至少6个月，与持续的直立性心动过速（至少30 bpm）相关，并且通过躺下缓解直立症状。POTS主要是一种女性疾病（发病率是男性的4-5倍），易发生于年轻人，通常是育龄期。我们和其他人发现，POTS患者的健康相关生活质量显著降低，与充血性心力衰竭或慢性阻塞性肺病患者的水平相当。 虽然心率显著升高是POTS的标志性生理学发现，但还有其他几种重要的生理学异常。我们发现大多数POTS患者的血浆容量较低。这可能会触发交感神经激活，从而导致心动过速。血容量减少的确切原因尚未阐明，但我们的初步研究表明，醛固酮水平反常地减少，这可能有助于低血容量。令人惊讶的是，根据低醛固酮和血容量，POTS患者的血管紧张素II水平升高。这些数据表明POTS患者肾上腺对血管紧张素II的敏感性降低。血管紧张素-醛固酮轴的紊乱可能在POTS的病理生理学中起关键作用。我们的初步研究还表明，POTS患者在压力或消耗时保留钠的能力受损。除了POTS患者循环醛固酮水平不足外，这些患者的肾对盐皮质激素刺激的敏感性也可能降低。鉴于许多POTS患者的血浆容量较低，其管理中的常见策略是要求患者遵循高钠饮食，以增加其血浆容量。不幸的是，没有发表的数据表明这种简单的策略在该患者人群中有效。 我们的总体假设是，醛固酮和钠处理的问题导致血浆容量减少，这些因素在POTS的病理生理学中起重要作用。为了检验这些假设，我们提出了以下具体目标：1。验证POTS患者AT 1受体介导的醛固酮释放减弱的假设。 2.目的探讨POTS患者对醛固酮的抗利钠反应。 3.检验POTS患者对高钠饮食的血浆容量扩张迟钝（不足）的假设。 4.验证慢性盐皮质激素刺激可恢复POTS患者血容量的假设。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a debilitating clinical condition characterized by intolerance to upright posture of at least 6 months duration, associated with consistent orthostatic tachycardia of at least 30 bpm, and with orthostatic symptoms relieved by lying down. POTS is primarily a disorder of women (4-5 fold incidence over men) with predisposition for younger individuals, often of child-bearing age. We and others have found that patients with POTS have significantly diminished health-related quality of life, to levels comparable to patients with congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While grossly elevated heart rates are the hallmark physiologic findings in POTS, there are several other important physiological abnormalities. We have found low plasma volume in the majority of patients with POTS. This can trigger the sympathetic activation that drives the tachycardia. The exact cause of the hypovolemia has not been elucidated, but our preliminary studies indicate that aldosterone levels are paradoxically diminished, and this likely contributes to the low blood volume. Quite surprisingly in light of the low aldosterone and blood volume, angiotensin II levels were elevated in patients with POTS. These data suggest a decreased adrenal sensitivity to angiotensin II in patients with POTS. Perturbations in the Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of POTS. Our preliminary studies also indicate that patients with POTS have an impaired ability to retain sodium at times of stress or depletion. In addition to an inadequate level of circulating aldosterone in POTS, there could be diminished renal sensitivity to mineralocorticoid stimulation in these patients. Given the low plasma volume in many patients with POTS, a common strategy in their management is to ask patients to follow a high sodium diet, in an effort to increase their plasma volume. Unfortunately, there are no published data demonstrating that this simple strategy is effective in this patient population. Our overarching hypothesis is that problems in aldosterone and sodium handling lead to reduced plasma volume and that these factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of POTS. To the test these hypotheses we propose the following Specific Aims: 1. To test the hypothesis that in patients with POTS that AT1 Receptor mediated aldosterone release is blunted. 2. To determine the anti-natriuretic response to aldosterone in patients with POTS. 3. To test the hypothesis that patients with POTS have a blunted (inadequate) plasma volume expansion in response to a high sodium diet. 4. To test the hypothesis that chronic mineralocorticoid stimulation can restore blood volume in POTS.