Research Training on Chronic Lung Diseases in Southern Africa

南部非洲慢性肺病研究培训

• 批准号: 8324220
• 负责人: Elvisegran Malcolm Irusen
• 金额: $ 21.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8324220
• 关键词: Address; Adult; African; Agriculture; Air Pollution; Allergens; Asthma; Biomass; Burn injury; Cessation of life; Child; Chronic; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Chronic lung disease; Coal Mining; Community Developments; Country; Development; Distance Learning; Domiciles; Dust; Endotoxins; Enrollment; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Environmental and Occupational Exposure; Etiology; Exposure to; Faculty; Farming environment; Food Processing; Future; Goals; Health; Home environment; Individual; Industry; Institution; Intervention; Lead; Lung diseases; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Michigan; Mining; Morbidity - disease rate; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Play; Pneumoconiosis; Policies; Public Health; Pulmonary Emphysema; Research; Research Training; Resources; Role; Silicon Dioxide; Southern Africa; Training; Translational Research; Universities; cooking; dissemination research; doctoral student; evidence base; mortality; programs; skills

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this proposal is the strengthening of regional research capacity in the 14-country Southern African Development Community (SADC) to address the challenges of non-communicable chronic respiratory diseases (NCCRDs) (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic asthma in adults and children, and pneumoconioses) associated with environmental (e.g., ambient air pollution, burning of biomass fuels in domiciles, indoor and outdoor exposure to bioaerosols, environmental tobacco smoke)and occupational (e.g., silica associated with mining & construction industries, respirable dust in coal mines, allergens and endotoxin associated with agriculture and food processing) exposures. This focus reflects the situational analysis ofthe region suggesting: a) substantial morbidity and mortality from NCCRDs, b) a significant role of environmental and/or occupational exposures in the causation of a large fraction of NCCRDs, and, c) the high potential for successful public health interventions among those NCCRDs in which environmental and occupational exposures play key roles. Our strategies for achieving the goal of region-wide strengthening of research capacity in NCCRDs focus on: a) the long-term, comprehensive training of individuals who will become future leaders of research on NCCRDs in their home countries; b) the building of institutional capacity through a combination of strengthening of mentoring skills of faculty of the lead academic institutions, and development and dissemination of research training materials using state-of-the-art distance learning methodologies; and c) strengthening an alliance of academic institutions with governmental organizations responsible for evidence-based policy implementation. Specific methods to achieve these objectives include: a) fully supporting 12 doctoral students enrolled in 4 South African universities including tuition, stipend, direct support of dissertation research, and a 4-month intensive program of study in translational research at the University of Michigan; b) bringing 10 Southem African research mentors for 4 months to the University of Michigan for an intensive program to increase mentoring and research skills; c) development of distance learning modules as an open access research training resource; and, d) provision of focused short courses in southern Africa. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In southern Africa, the toll of illness and death from lung diseases like emphysema and asthma, caused by exposures to outdoor air pollution, smoky fuels for cooking, and dust and allergen exposure in mining, construction, farming and food processing, can be reduced through strengthening of regional research capacity to address the causes of these illnesses.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的总体目标是加强南部非洲发展共同体（南共体）14国的区域研究能力，以应对与环境（例如环境空气污染、在住宅内燃烧生物质燃料、室内和室外接触生物气溶胶）有关的非传染性慢性呼吸道疾病（即慢性阻塞性肺病、成人和儿童慢性哮喘以及尘肺病）的挑战。环境烟草烟雾)和职业暴露（例如，与采矿和建筑行业相关的二氧化硅，煤矿中的可呼吸粉尘，与农业和食品加工相关的过敏原和内毒素）。这一重点反映了该地区的情况分析，表明：a)非传染性疾病的大量发病率和死亡率，b)环境和/或职业暴露在大部分非传染性疾病的病因中起着重要作用，以及c)在环境和职业暴露起关键作用的非传染性疾病中，成功的公共卫生干预措施具有很高的潜力。我们为实现在全区域加强非传染性疾病研究能力的目标而制定的战略侧重于：a)对将在其本国成为未来非传染性疾病研究领导者的个人进行长期、全面的培训；B)通过加强主要学术机构教员的指导技能和利用最先进的远程学习方法开发和传播研究培训材料相结合的方式来建设机构能力；c)加强学术机构与负责循证政策实施的政府组织之间的联盟。实现这些目标的具体方法包括：a)全额支持12名在南非4所大学就读的博士生，包括学费、津贴、论文研究的直接支持，以及在密歇根大学进行为期4个月的转化研究强化学习；b)将10名南非研究导师带到密歇根大学进行为期4个月的强化项目，以提高指导和研究技能；C)开发远程学习模块作为开放获取的研究培训资源；d)在南部非洲提供重点短期课程。公共卫生相关性：在南部非洲，由于接触室外空气污染、炊事用烟雾燃料以及在采矿、建筑、农业和食品加工过程中接触粉尘和过敏原而导致的肺气肿和哮喘等肺部疾病造成的患病和死亡人数可以通过加强区域研究能力来减少，以解决这些疾病的病因。