The Role of Place on the Co-occurrence of ATOD Use and Violence Among Youth

地点对青少年 ATOD 使用和暴力同时发生的作用

• 批准号: 8423850
• 负责人: Sarah A Stoddard
• 金额: $ 13.91万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8423850
• 关键词: ATOD; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Adult; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Award; Behavior; Censuses; Characteristics; Clinic; Collaborations; Communities; County; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Ensure; Ethics; Evaluation; Funding; Future; Goals; Growth; Health; Homicide; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Lead; Letters; Life; Location; Measures; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Mind; Monitor; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; Nurse Practitioners; Play; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Primary Prevention; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Resources; Review Literature; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Scientist; Security; Social Environment; Space Perception; Students; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Violence; Vision; Vulnerable Populations; Youth; adolescent drug use; adolescent substance use; base; career; contextual factors; design; experience; health disparity; innovation; interest; meetings; multilevel analysis; prevent; programs; public health relevance; sixth grade; skills; social disparities; spatial relationship; stem; therapy design; therapy development; young adult; youth violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proposed is a Mentored Scientist Career Development Award (K01) that provides me the training and research experience necessary to develop an innovative research program focused on ATOD use and violent/aggressive behavior among youth. My research and professional career have focused on vulnerable populations of young people living in communities characterized by substantial health and social disparities. My primary research interest focuses on resiliency in the prevention of ATOD use and violent behavior among at-risk urban adolescents and young adults. This research interest stems from my experience as a Nurse Practitioner in school-based and community-based clinics with adolescents and young adults. To date, my program of research has focused on the healthy development of adolescents and prevention of risk behaviors, particularly youth violence. My long-term goal is to become an independent investigator in the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violent/aggressive behavior among youth, and the role of primitive factors in the healthy development of youth, specifically primitive factors within the neighborhood context (place). With my long- term goal in mind, my training and research objectives for the five-year award period are: 1) To develop expertise in ATOD use, the relationship between ATOD use and violent behavior, and their concomitant individual and neighborhood risk and primitive factors; 2) To expand my quantitative skills to examine for the effect of place (neighborhood) on adolescent ATOD use and the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence/aggression overtime; 3) To develop skills in intervention development, evaluation, and design; and 4) To advance my knowledge of the ethical conduct of intervention research with adolescents, including considerations regarding recruitment, data collection, management and security, and intervention. Training will include: graduate coursework in spatial-temporal analysis; short courses in intervention development and design and advanced multilevel modeling; mentored literature reviews on youth ATOD use, ATOD use and violence, and neighborhood effects of substance use among youth; participation in substance use interdisciplinary workgroups and meetings; mentorship in developing school and community partnerships for intervention research and translating research findings into interventions; and three mentored research projects. I will be mentored by experts in adolescent development, adolescent substance use, spatial analysis, and intervention development and implementation. Guided by a developmental-ecological perspective, I have proposed two secondary data analysis projects and one data collection project to address the following overarching research aims: 1) To examine the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence/aggression among urban youth; 2) To explore how place influences the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence; 3) To examine the relationship between future orientation, place, and the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence during adolescence; and 4) To develop an intervention and relevant measures that will be the basis for an R21 and future RCT R01. Using data from the NIDA-funded longitudinal Flint Adolescent Study (n = 850, PI: Zimmerman), the first project will focus on the trajectories of ATOD use and violent behavior over time, and will identify neighborhood characteristics that influence trajectories of ATOD use and violent behavior in a sample of urban youth. I will use dual trajectory growth curve analysis and cross-legged path analyses to explore the relationship between ATOD use and violence from age 14-32. Multilevel modeling analyses will be used to identify neighborhood characteristics that influence the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence. Using data from a county-wide school based survey (Coordinated Community Student Survey; C2S2); the second research project will focus on the relationship between future orientation, place, and the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violent behavior. I will use multi-group, multilevel SEM (ML-SEM) to examine differences in the relationship between future orientation and ATOD use/violent behavior based on neighborhood factors. The third study involves conducting a survey with a subsample of C2S2 youth (n = 500 6th grade students) for a more in-depth exploration of the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violent behavior, future orientation and its relationship to ATOD and violent behavior, and how place influence future orientation and ATOD use and violent behavior in a sample of urban youth. Measures, study design, and analyses will be determined based on knowledge, skills, and mentoring received as part of the training plan. In research projects 2 and 3, I will use spatial analytic techniques to examine the effects of place-based risk and primitive factors on future orientation, youth ATOD use and violence. In the proposed projects, I seek to identify place-based assets and resources that are associated with preventing the co-occurrence of ATOD use and violence and promote the development of future orientation. In collaboration with school/community partners, I will use these findings to develop an intervention focused on promoting health youth development and reducing ATOD use and violent behavior during year 4, and I will submit an R21 to test this intervention during year 5.

描述（由申请人提供）：建议是一个指导科学家职业发展奖（K01），为我提供必要的培训和研究经验，以开发一个创新的研究计划，重点是ATOD使用和青少年中的暴力/攻击行为。我的研究和职业生涯都集中在弱势群体的年轻人生活在社区的特点是大量的健康和社会差距。我的主要研究兴趣集中在预防ATOD使用和暴力行为的风险城市青少年和年轻人的弹性。这种研究兴趣源于我的经验，作为一个护士执业在学校和社区为基础的诊所与青少年和年轻人。到目前为止，我的研究项目集中在青少年的健康发展和预防危险行为，特别是青少年暴力。我的长期目标是成为一名独立的调查员，研究青少年中ATOD使用和暴力/攻击行为的共同发生，以及原始因素在青少年健康发展中的作用，特别是邻里环境中的原始因素（地方）。从我的长远目标来看，我在五年奖励期内的培训和研究目标是：1）发展ATOD使用的专业知识，ATOD使用与暴力行为之间的关系，以及伴随的个人和社区风险和原始因素; 2）扩展我的定量技能，以检查位置的影响（社区）关于青少年ATOD的使用以及ATOD的使用和暴力/攻击的同时发生; 3）发展干预开发、评估和设计方面的技能;和4）提高我对青少年干预研究道德行为的认识，包括招募，数据收集，管理和安全以及干预的考虑。培训将包括：时空分析的研究生课程;干预措施制定和设计以及高级多层次建模的短期课程;指导关于青少年ATOD使用、ATOD使用和暴力以及青少年药物使用的邻里效应的文献综述;参加药物使用跨学科工作组和会议;指导发展学校和社区伙伴关系以进行干预研究并将研究结果转化为干预措施;和三个研究项目。我将在青少年发展，青少年物质使用，空间分析和干预措施的制定和实施专家的指导。本文从发展生态学的视角出发，提出了两个二级数据分析项目和一个数据收集项目，旨在实现以下总体研究目标：1）考察城市青少年ATOD使用与暴力/攻击行为的共现情况; 2）探讨地点对ATOD使用与暴力共现的影响; 3）研究未来取向、地点与青少年期ATOD使用和暴力同时发生之间的关系; 4）制定干预措施和相关措施，作为R21和未来RCT R01的基础。使用来自NIDA资助的弗林特青少年纵向研究（n = 850，PI：齐默尔曼）的数据，第一个项目将重点关注ATOD使用和暴力行为的轨迹，并将确定影响ATOD使用和暴力行为轨迹的城市青年样本的邻里特征。我将使用双轨迹增长曲线分析和交叉腿路径分析来探索14 - 32岁的ATOD使用和暴力之间的关系。将使用多层次建模分析来确定影响ATOD使用和暴力同时发生的邻里特征。使用来自全县范围内的学校为基础的调查（协调社区学生调查; C2S2）的数据;第二个研究项目将集中在未来的方向，地点和ATOD使用和暴力行为的共同发生之间的关系。我将使用多组，多层次的SEM（ML-SEM）来研究未来取向和ATOD使用/暴力行为之间的关系的差异，基于邻里因素。第三个研究是对C2S2青少年（n = 500名六年级学生）进行调查，以更深入地探讨ATOD使用和暴力行为的共同发生，未来取向及其与ATOD和暴力行为的关系，以及城市青少年样本中未来取向和ATOD使用和暴力行为的影响。措施、研究设计和分析将根据作为培训计划一部分的知识、技能和指导来确定。在研究项目2和3中，我将使用空间分析技术来研究基于地点的风险和原始因素对未来取向，青少年ATOD使用和暴力的影响。在拟议的项目中，我试图确定与防止ATOD使用和暴力同时发生有关的基于地点的资产和资源，并促进未来方向的发展。与学校/社区合作伙伴合作，我将利用这些发现制定一项干预措施，重点是促进健康的青年发展和减少ATOD使用和暴力行为在第4年，我将提交一份R21来测试这一干预措施在第5年。