Enhancement of Sexual Motivation

增强性动机

• 批准号: 8417013
• 负责人: Chana K. Akins
• 金额: $ 16.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8417013
• 关键词: Acute; Animal Model; Animals; Association Learning; Behavior; Brain region; Breeding; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cocaine; Cocaine Abuse; Conditioned Stimulus; Coturnix japonica; Cues; Dependence; Dose; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Empirical Research; Ethics; Event; Extinction (Psychology); Female; Food; Frequencies; Goals; HIV; Health; Hepatitis C; High Prevalence; Human; Investigation; Learning; Length; Light; Link; Long-Term Effects; Measures; Memory; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Multiple Partners; Partner in relationship; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Pre-Clinical Model; Procedures; Property; Public Health; Publishing; Quail; Recovery; Research; Research Training; Resistance; Rewards; Rodent; Saline; Seasons; Sensory; Sex Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Stimulus; System; Testing; Time; Translating; United States; Unsafe Sex; Visual; Withdrawal; Work; addiction; approach behavior; behavior test; clinically relevant; cocaine exposure; cocaine use; conditioning; drug of abuse; drug testing; experience; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; indexing; learned behavior; male; neural circuit; preclinical study; research study; response; sex; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is considerable evidence for a co-morbid relationship between cocaine abuse and risky sexual behavior. Clinical studies have shown a correlation between cocaine use and risky sexual practices such as increased frequency, an increased number of partners, and unprotected sex. These sexual practices have been linked to adverse health consequences including high prevalence rates for sexually-transmitted diseases. Controlled preclinical studies that utilize animal models have demonstrated that prior repeated exposure to cocaine enhances sexual motivation and behavior. However, no parametric or systematic studies further investigating the basic mechanisms underlying this relationship have been conducted. The goal of the proposed experiments is to utilize an animal model whose sexual behavior system has been well-studied, Japanese quail. In addition to the benefits of using quail to study sexual behavior, the use of a visually-oriented species in studying drug effects may be of additional relevance to studying human drug addiction. We currently have preliminary evidence in male Japanese quail that preexposure to cocaine enhances sexual motivation. This finding ties in well with clinical observations that indicate that cocaine use in humans may increase sexual motivation, thereby increasing the likelihood of the occurrence of high-risk sexual behavior. The overall working hypothesis of this proposal is that the magnitude of the sexual response depends on several cocaine preexposure parameters including dose, amount of exposure, time between exposures, and the withdrawal period before sexual behavior testing. Additionally, we hypothesize that cocaine preexposure increases the resistance to extinction (harder to eliminate) and facilitates the reacquisition of a sexual response that has been extinguished. The proposed research has the potential to contribute to our understanding of cocaine preexposure effects on sexual motivation using a visually-oriented animal model. For example, in males, sexual motivation may be enhanced by prior cocaine exposure. Such an enhancement might translate in humans as high risk or compulsive sexual behaviors such as increased frequency of sexual activity, sex with multiple partners, and unprotected sex. These risky sexual behaviors have been linked with considerable health consequences, such as the transmission of HIV and hepatitis C. The goal of the proposed project is to contribute to understanding underlying mechanisms of cocaine's effects on sexual motivation.

描述（由申请人提供）：有相当多的证据表明可卡因滥用和危险性行为之间存在共病关系。临床研究表明，可卡因的使用与危险的性行为之间存在相关性，如频率增加，伴侣数量增加和无保护的性行为。这些性行为与不良的健康后果有关，包括性传播疾病的高流行率。利用动物模型进行的临床前对照研究表明，先前反复接触可卡因会增强性动机和行为。然而，没有参数或系统的研究，进一步调查的基本机制，这种关系已经进行。本实验的目的是利用性行为系统已被充分研究的动物模型日本鹌鹑。除了利用鹌鹑研究性行为的好处外，利用视觉导向的物种研究药物作用可能与研究人类药物成瘾有额外的相关性。我们目前有初步证据表明，在雄性日本鹌鹑预先接触可卡因增强性动机。这一发现与临床观察密切相关，临床观察表明，人类使用可卡因可能会增加性动机，从而增加发生高风险性行为的可能性。这项建议的总体工作假设是，性反应的大小取决于几个可卡因暴露前参数，包括剂量，暴露量，暴露之间的时间，以及性行为测试前的戒断期。此外，我们假设可卡因预暴露增加了对灭绝的抵抗力（更难消除），并有助于重新获得已经熄灭的性反应。拟议的研究有可能有助于我们了解可卡因暴露前对性动机的影响，使用视觉导向的动物模型。例如，在男性中，先前接触可卡因可能会增强性动机。这种增强可能会在人类中转化为高风险或强迫性的性行为，例如性活动频率增加，与多个伴侣发生性关系以及无保护的性行为。这些危险的性行为与相当大的健康后果有关，例如艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎的传播。拟议项目的目标是帮助了解可卡因对性动机影响的潜在机制。