Neurophysiology and Anatomy of Multisensory Processing

多感觉处理的神经生理学和解剖学

• 批准号: 8374406
• 负责人: TROY A. HACKETT
• 金额: $ 46.31万
• 依托单位: NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8374406
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Anatomy; Architecture; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Automobile Driving; Brain; Chemicals; Cognitive; Confocal Microscopy; Cues; Defect; Discrimination; Disease; Electron Microscopy; Elements; Etiology; Evolution; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Hearing problem; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Learning Disabilities; Location; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Primates; Process; Property; Resolution; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; Synapses; System; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; cell type; improved; indexing; instrument; multisensory; neurochemistry; neuronal excitability; neurophysiology; novel; operation; public health relevance; receptor; response; somatosensory; sound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Multisensory Integration begins at or before the level of primary auditory cortex (A1) and builds over higher stages. In A1 the effect seems to be mainly a non-auditory "modulation" of the strength of "driving" auditory inputs, while in higher areas it may increasingly reflect a higher order "integration" of auditory and non-auditory information. In A1, auditory/non-auditory interactions use neuronal oscillations as instruments of auditory response amplification, while in higher stages, interactions also entail classic excitatory convergence. Throughout, the impact of inputs' salience (bottom-up), and that of top-down attentional control are believed to crucial. These elements - neuronal oscillations, modulatory-driving interactions, top-down control, and the underlying anatomic circuits - are ubiquitous and crucial to brain operation. Investigating them in the context of multisensory interactions affords a unique unambiguous control over the key inputs since they arise from different receptor surfaces. Our BROAD GOAL is to investigate multisensory interaction across levels of the auditory system as a general model for integrative operations in the brain. We combine anatomical analyses with electrophysiological methods indexing laminar profiles of synaptic activity and concomitant action potentials to differentiate "driving" auditory inputs and non-auditory "modulatory" inputs arising from various cortical and subcortical sources, and to determine how these input types interact physiologically during attentive discrimination. SPECIFIC AIM 1 is to characterize the mechanisms and evolution of multisensory representation across processing levels. SPECIFIC AIM 2 is to determine how cross modal cues that predict sound timing and location help auditory processing. SPECIFIC AIM 3 is to characterize the fine structure of driving and modulatory circuits in auditory cortex, emphasizing anatomical correlates of processes examined under Aims 1 and 2. Improved understanding of the critical instrumental functions of neuronal oscillations in processing of driving inputs, their manipulation by modulatory inputs, influences of stimulus salience and attention, and the underlying circuitry, will enhance the mechanistic understanding of normal hearing, as well as those underlying disruptions of hearing that contribute to a number of pathological conditions.

描述（由申请人提供）：多感觉整合在初级听觉皮层（A1）水平或之前开始，并在更高阶段建立。在 A1 中，效果似乎主要是“驱动”听觉输入强度的非听觉“调制”，而在更高区域，它可能越来越多地反映听觉和非听觉信息的更高阶“整合”。在 A1 中，听觉/非听觉相互作用使用神经元振荡作为听觉反应放大的工具，而在更高的阶段，相互作用还需要经典的兴奋性收敛。自始至终，输入的显着性（自下而上）和自上而下的注意力控制的影响被认为是至关重要的。这些元素——神经元振荡、调节驱动相互作用、自上而下的控制和底层的解剖回路——无处不在，对大脑运作至关重要。在多感官相互作用的背景下研究它们可以对关键输入进行独特的明确控制，因为它们来自不同的受体表面。我们的总体目标是研究跨听觉系统层面的多感官相互作用，作为大脑整合操作的通用模型。我们将解剖学分析与电生理学方法相结合，索引突触活动的层状分布和伴随的动作电位，以区分来自各种皮层和皮层下来源的“驱动”听觉输入和非听觉“调节”输入，并确定这些输入类型在注意辨别过程中如何在生理上相互作用。具体目标 1 是描述跨处理级别的多感官表征的机制和演变。具体目标 2 是确定预测声音时间和位置的跨模态线索如何帮助听觉处理。具体目标 3 是表征听觉皮层中驱动和调制电路的精细结构，强调目标 1 和 2 下检查的过程的解剖学相关性。提高对驱动输入处理中神经元振荡的关键工具功能、调制输入的操纵、刺激显着性和注意力的影响以及底层电路的理解，将增强对正常现象的机械理解。 听力，以及导致许多病理状况的听力潜在障碍。