Functional Organization of Auditory Cortex

听觉皮层的功能组织

• 批准号: 7599169
• 负责人: TROY A. HACKETT
• 金额: $ 49.44万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7599169
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animal Model; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Autopsy; Axon; Bite; Brain; Brain Part; Cells; Classification; Clinical; Code; Comparative Study; Conceptions; Data; Dimensions; Dyslexia; Elements; Enzymes; Epilepsy; Evaluation; Foundations; Functional Imaging; Funding; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Hearing; Human; Injury; Knowledge; Language Delays; Lateral; Link; Macaca; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Medial; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Output; Pan Genus; Pathology; Phylogenetic Analysis; Physiological; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Proteins; Research; Schizophrenia; Site; Staging; Stroke; Structure; Surface; System; Temporal Lobe; Thalamic Nuclei; Thick; Tissues; Tracer; Weight; Work; auditory stimulus; base; comparative; density; design; experience; hearing impairment; insight; neurofilament; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; patient population; programs; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this research program is a comprehensive description of human auditory cortex organization. What are its structural components and what are their functions? How do these elements work together to produce the perceptual experience of hearing? Underlying current conceptions is a regional (modular) system of organization formed by an interconnected group of cortical areas, but the number of areas involved and their connections are unknown for humans. A testable working model of human auditory cortex has not been developed, even though such models are fundamental to studies of auditory cortex in other species. To establish this model, detailed neuroanatomical analyses will be used to reveal the underlying structures that comprise this part of the brain. Efforts will focus on the planum temporale in the superior temporal lobe, which is thought to be an important region for integrating the neural codes required to perceive and interpret sound. Although often treated as a single area, the planum temporale appears to contain several areas that are anatomically and physiologically distinct. Temporal lobes will be obtained postmortem and processed for marker proteins of neurons, axons, neurofilaments, and key enzymes. Areas will be profiled and compared on the basis several measurements (surface area, cortical thickness, neuron density, optical density). The research will be guided and grounded by comparative studies of other primates, which continue to provide an invaluable foundation for studies of auditory cortex in humans. In addition, parallel studies in monkeys will focus on the connections and neuron response properties in the posterior temporal lobe that correspond to the human planum temporale. The relevance of this research applies broadly to patient populations in which the temporal lobe is involved, and directly supports related areas of research involving both normal and clinical populations. These include: 1) Noninvasive methods to study auditory activity in the human brain (e.g., functional imaging); 2) Neurosurgical planning and assessment of function associated with surgery, injury, or related pathology (e.g., cerebrovascular accidents, tumors); 3) Evaluation of cortical function in clinical populations in which auditory processing or memory is affected (e.g., Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, autism, dyslexia, epilepsy, language delay, hearing impairment, and aging); and 4) Maturational and genomic studies of auditory cortex in normal and clinical populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究计划的长期目标是对人类听觉皮层组织的全面描述。它的结构成分是什么，它们的功能是什么？这些元素如何共同产生听力的感知体验？目前的基本概念是由互连的皮质区域组成的区域（模块化）组织系统，但所涉及的区域数量及其联系是人类未知的。即使这种模型对其他物种的听觉皮层研究至关重要，但尚未开发出人类听觉皮层的可测试工作模型。为了建立此模型，将使用详细的神经解剖学分析来揭示构成大脑这一部分的潜在结构。努力将重点放在上颞叶中的平面颞叶上，这被认为是整合感知和解释声音所需的神经代码的重要区域。尽管经常被视为单个区域，但颞叶平原似乎包含了几个在解剖学和生理上与众不同的区域。颞叶将获得验尸并为神经元，轴突，神经丝和钥匙酶的标记蛋白进行处理。将在几个测量值（表面积，皮质厚度，神经元密度，光密度）的基础上进行分析并进行比较。这项研究将由其他灵长类动物的比较研究来指导和扎根，这些研究继续为人类的听觉皮层研究提供了宝贵的基础。此外，猴子中的平行研究将重点放在与人类平面颞叶相对应的后颞叶中的连接和神经元反应特性。这项研究的相关性广泛适用于参与颞叶的患者人群，并直接支持涉及正常和临床人群的研究领域。其中包括：1）研究人脑中听觉活动的无创方法（例如功能成像）； 2）与手术，损伤或相关病理相关的功能的神经外科计划和评估（例如，脑血管事故，肿瘤）； 3）评估在其中影响听觉处理或记忆力的临床人群中的皮质功能（例如，阿尔茨海默氏症，精神分裂症，自闭症，自闭症，阅读障碍，癫痫，癫痫，语言延迟，听力障碍，衰老和衰老）； 4）正常和临床人群中听觉皮层的成熟和基因组研究。