SEX DIFFERENCES IN FRUIT FLY HEALTH AND SURVIVAL

果蝇健康和生存的性别差异

• 批准号: 8379396
• 负责人: JAMES R. CAREY
• 金额: $ 8.75万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8379396
• 关键词: Age; Aging; Amputation; Anastrepha ludens; Behavior; Behavioral; Ceratitis capitata; Cereals; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Circadian Rhythms; Copulation; Courtship; Data; Data Set; Databases; Demography; Development; Differential Mortality; Drosophila genus; Elderly; Electronics; Female; Fertility; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Foundations; Goals; Greek; Guatemalan; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Insecta; Insemination; Leg; Life Tables; Light; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Movement; Paper; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Policies; Production; Publishing; Reproduction; Reproductive Process; Research; Resolution; Sex Characteristics; Sleep; Source; System; Techniques; Time; Yeasts; base; cost; design; disability; egg; end of life; fly; food restriction; indexing; male; mortality; preference; research study; sex

Project 7: Sex Differences in Fruit Fly Health and Survival This Project has three components, each of which corresponds to a specific Aim. The first component will involve the use of advanced statistical techniques and methods of meta-analysis to analyze and model demographic data on over 5 million deaths collated from 18 years of studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly and the Mexican fruit fly. This database is one of the largest, cleanest, and richest sources of demographic data available for any non-human model species. Although virtually all of the published research papers based on information contained in the database include analyses of male and female differences, the data have never before been analyzed as a meta-dataset or with the express purpose of identifying the principles for sex-mortality differentials. Development of new statistical techniques for analyzing age- and sex-specific mortality data will also be part of this database research component. The second component involves the use of a newly-developed high resolution (fine-grained time scale) electronic monitoring system to record the daily and lifetime behavior and movement of male and female Mexican fruit flies. The raw data that is generated from this system on individual flies will be analyzed in a range of behavioral and "locomotor" contexts such as lifetime patterns, behavioral differences between young and old flies as well as male and female flies, circadian rhythm-based behaviors (including sleep), and changes in age-specific locomotor characteristics such as velocity, meandering indices, and zonal preferences. One of the goals of this component is to record apparent changes in fly health (as interpreted via behavioral changes) throughout their lives including the acquisition of naturally-occurring impairments and disabilities. The third component involves in-depth studies concerned with sex-specific costs of reproduction using mating as the source of the male costs and both mating and egg production as the sources of female costs. This component will also involve experiments designed to disaggregate the costs of the reproduction constituents including courtship in males and copulation and insemination in both sexes, as well as experiments to elucidate the costs of reproduction in both sexes with access to multiple mates at different exposure intervals. RELEVANCE (Seeinstructions): The operational concept of the proposed research is that a set of principles can serve as a basic foundation for advancing research and developing policy concerned with human aging. We will integrate concepts and empirical approaches derived from survival research on humans into survival research on insects to inform research on humans as well as shed important light on sex differences in mortality and morbidity.

项目 7：果蝇健康和生存的性别差异 该项目由三个组成部分组成，每个组成部分都对应一个特定的目标。第一个组件将 涉及使用先进的统计技术和荟萃分析方法进行分析和建模 根据 18 年地中海果蝇研究整理的超过 500 万人死亡的人口统计数据 和墨西哥果蝇。该数据库是最大、最干净、最丰富的人口统计来源之一 适用于任何非人类模型物种的数据。尽管几乎所有已发表的研究论文 根据数据库中包含的信息，包括对男性和女性差异的分析，数据 以前从未作为元数据集进行分析或以识别原则为明确目的 性别死亡率差异。开发用于分析特定年龄和性别的新统计技术 死亡率数据也将成为该数据库研究部分的一部分。第二个组成部分涉及 使用新开发的高分辨率（细粒度时间尺度）电子监控系统来记录 雄性和雌性墨西哥果蝇的日常和一生的行为和运动。原始数据是 该系统在单个果蝇上产生的结果将在一系列行为和“运动”方面进行分析 诸如生命模式、年轻和年老果蝇以及雄性和雄性果蝇之间的行为差​​异等背景 雌性果蝇、基于昼夜节律的行为（包括睡眠）以及特定年龄运动的变化 速度、蜿蜒指数和区域偏好等特征。此次活动的目标之一 组件是记录整个过程中苍蝇健康状况的明显变化（通过行为变化来解释） 他们的生活，包括自然发生的损伤和残疾。第三个组成部分 涉及到以交配为生殖来源的特定性别生殖成本的深入研究 雄性成本以及交配和产卵都是雌性成本的来源。该组件还将 涉及旨在分解生殖成分成本（包括求爱）的实验 男性的交配和授精，以及阐明成本的实验 两性繁殖，并在不同的接触时间间隔内获得多个配偶。 相关性（参见说明）： 本研究的操作理念是一套原则可以作为基本基础 促进与人类老龄化有关的研究和政策的制定。我们将整合概念和 来自人类生存研究的经验方法融入到昆虫生存研究中，以提供信息 对人类的研究也为死亡率和发病率的性别差异提供了重要的线索。