COMPONENT 5: Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Disparities in Alcoh

酒精问题的差异研究部分调查种族/民族和社会经济劣势（SED）如何与酒精使用和问题的当前和寿命模式相关。大量的工作已经揭示了种族/民族和SED与饮酒模式和问题之间的密切联系。然而，有限的研究集中在跨多个领域和跨时间经历的不利因素的累积效应，即使暴露于多种形式的不利因素或持久的不利因素的个人可能会比经历单一形式的不利因素的个人表现出指数更差的结果。同样，很少有研究考虑种族/民族和SED如何与终身饮酒模式和问题相关，尽管有证据表明不利因素对健康的长期影响。因此，这一组成部分解决了这些知识差距，特别侧重于严重的经济衰退如何可能加剧已经处于不利地位的群体的饮酒问题。我们的数据来源是2009/10年全国酒精调查（NAS），该调查提供了 有价值的新数据暴露于经济衰退相关的经济困难;指标的儿童，成人和慢性SED;酒精的结果细粒度的措施;和过度抽样的黑人和西班牙裔具体的目标是：目标1）检查独特的和累积的影响种族/民族和SED对酗酒和酗酒问题，包括大量饮酒的寿命。这一目标将涉及风险曲线分析和潜在类别分析，以检查从青少年到现在大量饮酒的轨迹。目的2）调查种族/民族和SED对大量饮酒和酒精问题的影响是否 在经济衰退期间，由于更容易受到严重困难的影响和伤害，这一问题更加严重。分析将涉及倾向评分匹配，和NAS系列趋势分析，以评估酒精问题差异的大小变化。目的3）测试一个压力过程模型，研究种族/民族、SED和严重的经济衰退相关困难如何与大量饮酒和酒精问题相关，并检查可能缓冲不利因素不利影响的保护因素。研究结果将确定高风险群体，并有助于为预防工作提供信息，有可能减少与酒精有关的差异。

The Disparities in Alcohol Problems research component Investigates how race/ethnicity and socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) are related to current and lifespan patterns of alcohol use and problems. A considerable body of work has already uncovered strong associations between both race/ethnicity and SED and drinking patterns and problems. However, limited research has focused on the cumulative effects of disadvantage experienced across multiple domains and across time, even though Individuals exposed to multiple forms of disadvantage or enduring disadvantage may show exponentially worse outcomes than individuals experiencing a single form of disadvantage. Similarly, very little work has considered how race/ethnicity and SED may relate to lifespan drinking patterns and problems, despite emerging evidence for the long-lasting health impacts of disadvantage. This component thus addresses these gaps in knowledge with a special focus on how a severe economic recession may exacerbate drinking problems in already disadvantaged groups. Our data source is the 2009/10 National Alcohol Survey (NAS), which provides valuable new data on exposure to recession-related economic hardships; indicators of childhood, adult, and chronic SED; fine-grained measures of alcohol outcomes; and oversamples of Blacks and Hispanics Specific aims are to: Aim 1) Examine the unique and cumulative effects of race/ethnicity and SED on heavy drinking and alcohol problems, including heavy drinking over the lifespan. This aim will involve risk curve analyses and latent class analysis to examine trajectories of heavy drinking from one's teens to the present. Aim 2) Investigate whether the effects of race/ethnicity and SED on heavy drinking and alcohol problems are exacerbated during an economic recession, due to increased exposure and vulnerability to severe hardship. Analyses will involve propensity score matching, and NAS-series trend analyses to assess changes in the magnitude of alcohol-problem disparities. Aim 3) Test a stress process model of how race/ethnicity, SED, and severe recession-related hardship are associated with heavy drinking and alcohol problems, and examine protective factors that may buffer the adverse effects of disadvantage. Study findings will identify high-risk groups and help to inform prevention efforts with potential to reduce alcohol-related disparities.