COMPONENT 5: Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Disparities in Alcoh

酒精问题的差异研究部分调查种族/民族和社会经济劣势（SED）如何与当前和终身酒精使用模式和问题相关。大量的工作已经揭示了种族/民族与SED和饮酒模式和问题之间的强烈联系。然而，有限的研究集中在跨多个领域和跨时间经历的劣势的累积效应上，尽管暴露于多种形式的劣势或持久劣势的个体可能比经历单一形式劣势的个体表现出指数级的糟糕结果。同样，很少有研究考虑种族/民族和SED与终生饮酒模式和问题之间的关系，尽管越来越多的证据表明不利条件对健康的长期影响。因此，这部分内容解决了这些知识差距，特别侧重于严重的经济衰退如何加剧已经处于不利地位的群体的饮酒问题。我们的数据来源是2009/10年全国酒精调查（NAS），它提供了

The Disparities in Alcohol Problems research component Investigates how race/ethnicity and socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) are related to current and lifespan patterns of alcohol use and problems. A considerable body of work has already uncovered strong associations between both race/ethnicity and SED and drinking patterns and problems. However, limited research has focused on the cumulative effects of disadvantage experienced across multiple domains and across time, even though Individuals exposed to multiple forms of disadvantage or enduring disadvantage may show exponentially worse outcomes than individuals experiencing a single form of disadvantage. Similarly, very little work has considered how race/ethnicity and SED may relate to lifespan drinking patterns and problems, despite emerging evidence for the long-lasting health impacts of disadvantage. This component thus addresses these gaps in knowledge with a special focus on how a severe economic recession may exacerbate drinking problems in already disadvantaged groups. Our data source is the 2009/10 National Alcohol Survey (NAS), which provides valuable new data on exposure to recession-related economic hardships; indicators of childhood, adult, and chronic SED; fine-grained measures of alcohol outcomes; and oversamples of Blacks and Hispanics Specific aims are to: Aim 1) Examine the unique and cumulative effects of race/ethnicity and SED on heavy drinking and alcohol problems, including heavy drinking over the lifespan. This aim will involve risk curve analyses and latent class analysis to examine trajectories of heavy drinking from one's teens to the present. Aim 2) Investigate whether the effects of race/ethnicity and SED on heavy drinking and alcohol problems are exacerbated during an economic recession, due to increased exposure and vulnerability to severe hardship. Analyses will involve propensity score matching, and NAS-series trend analyses to assess changes in the magnitude of alcohol-problem disparities. Aim 3) Test a stress process model of how race/ethnicity, SED, and severe recession-related hardship are associated with heavy drinking and alcohol problems, and examine protective factors that may buffer the adverse effects of disadvantage. Study findings will identify high-risk groups and help to inform prevention efforts with potential to reduce alcohol-related disparities.