COMPONENT 5: Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Disparities in Alcoh

酒精问题差异研究部分调查种族/族裔和社会经济劣势(SED)与酒精使用和问题的当前和寿命模式之间的关系。大量工作已经揭示了种族/族裔和自发性精神障碍与饮酒模式和问题之间的密切联系。然而，有限的研究集中在跨多个领域和跨时间经历的劣势的累积影响，即使暴露在多种形式的劣势或持久劣势中的个人可能比经历单一形式的劣势的人表现出指数级更差的结果。同样，很少有工作考虑种族/民族和SED可能如何与饮酒模式和问题有关，尽管有新的证据表明劣势对健康的长期影响。因此，这一构成部分解决了知识方面的这些差距，特别侧重于严重的经济衰退可能如何加剧本已处于不利地位的群体的饮酒问题。我们的数据来源是2009/10年度全国酒精调查(NAS)，它提供了 关于与经济衰退相关的经济困难暴露的有价值的新数据；儿童、成人和慢性SED的指标；酒精结果的细粒度测量；以及黑人和拉美裔美国人的过多样本。具体目标是：目的1)检查种族/族裔和SED对酗酒和酗酒问题的独特和累积影响，包括终生酗酒。这一目标将涉及风险曲线分析和潜在类别分析，以检查一个人从十几岁到现在大量饮酒的轨迹。目的2)调查种族/民族和SED对酗酒和酗酒问题的影响是否 在经济衰退期间，由于更多的风险敞口和对严重困难的脆弱性，这种情况更加严重。分析将涉及倾向得分匹配，以及NAS系列趋势分析，以评估酒精问题差异的大小变化。目的3)测试一个关于种族/民族、SED和严重衰退相关困难如何与酗酒和酒精问题相关的压力过程模型，并检验可能缓冲不利影响的保护性因素。研究结果将确定高危人群，并有助于为预防工作提供信息，有可能减少与酒精有关的差异。

The Disparities in Alcohol Problems research component Investigates how race/ethnicity and socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) are related to current and lifespan patterns of alcohol use and problems. A considerable body of work has already uncovered strong associations between both race/ethnicity and SED and drinking patterns and problems. However, limited research has focused on the cumulative effects of disadvantage experienced across multiple domains and across time, even though Individuals exposed to multiple forms of disadvantage or enduring disadvantage may show exponentially worse outcomes than individuals experiencing a single form of disadvantage. Similarly, very little work has considered how race/ethnicity and SED may relate to lifespan drinking patterns and problems, despite emerging evidence for the long-lasting health impacts of disadvantage. This component thus addresses these gaps in knowledge with a special focus on how a severe economic recession may exacerbate drinking problems in already disadvantaged groups. Our data source is the 2009/10 National Alcohol Survey (NAS), which provides valuable new data on exposure to recession-related economic hardships; indicators of childhood, adult, and chronic SED; fine-grained measures of alcohol outcomes; and oversamples of Blacks and Hispanics Specific aims are to: Aim 1) Examine the unique and cumulative effects of race/ethnicity and SED on heavy drinking and alcohol problems, including heavy drinking over the lifespan. This aim will involve risk curve analyses and latent class analysis to examine trajectories of heavy drinking from one's teens to the present. Aim 2) Investigate whether the effects of race/ethnicity and SED on heavy drinking and alcohol problems are exacerbated during an economic recession, due to increased exposure and vulnerability to severe hardship. Analyses will involve propensity score matching, and NAS-series trend analyses to assess changes in the magnitude of alcohol-problem disparities. Aim 3) Test a stress process model of how race/ethnicity, SED, and severe recession-related hardship are associated with heavy drinking and alcohol problems, and examine protective factors that may buffer the adverse effects of disadvantage. Study findings will identify high-risk groups and help to inform prevention efforts with potential to reduce alcohol-related disparities.