Disrupting Pathways from Early Adversity to Adult Substance Abuse: Identifying Education Resilience Factors in Diverse Groups

破坏从早期逆境到成人药物滥用的途径：确定不同群体的教育弹性因素

• 批准号: 10408779
• 负责人: NINA MULIA
• 金额: $ 36.07万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10408779
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Behavioral; Biometry; Birth; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Chronic stress; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Disadvantaged; Distal; Drug abuse; Education; Educational Status; Ensure; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Equation; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Exposure to; Familiarity; Family; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Heavy Drinking; Home; Home environment; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Investigation; Life; Light; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal Surveys; Marijuana; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Mothers; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Longitudinal Survey of Youth; Neurosciences; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Predictive Factor; Problem behavior; Proxy; Psychopathology; Public Health; Public Health Education; Race; Reporting; Research; Schools; Scoring Method; Sociology; Source; Stress; Substance abuse problem; Techniques; Testing; Time; alcohol abuse prevention; base; binge drinking; childhood adversity; cognitive development; cognitive skill; cohort; development policy; developmental psychology; early childhood; early life adversity; early onset; educational atmosphere; epidemiology study; ethnic difference; experience; gender difference; health disparity; innovation; middle age; middle childhood; multidisciplinary; parental involvement; peer; protective effect; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; reduced substance use; resilience; school environment; secondary analysis; substance use; success; young adult

Recent longitudinal studies suggest that well-established, adult predictors of health might actually be proxies for health-promoting and vulnerability factors present early in life. If true, this underscores the need to identify childhood experiences and conditions that have far-reaching effects on adult health and health behavior. Extensive research has demonstrated the link between education and substance use problems, but to date has provided limited understanding of underlying causal mechanisms. Some epidemiologists speculate that the education-substance use association may be driven by unobserved, early life factors such as childhood cognitive skills. Directly relevant to this, growing evidence from neuroscience suggests that children’s cognitive, behavioral and socioemotional development may be profoundly impacted by early childhood adversity and “toxic stress” – with potentially significant consequences for a child’s school experiences, educational achievement and lifecourse health, including distal substance use outcomes. Following on the implications of this research, the current study proposes to examine longitudinal pathways from early childhood adversity to educational and substance use outcomes in young adulthood. Importantly, the project also aims to identify education resilience factors from early childhood through late adolescence that can mitigate or disrupt the effects of early childhood adversity on substance abuse. Given existing educational inequalities, racial/ethnic differences in chronic stress and cumulative disadvantage, and disparities in adult substance use problems, the proposed study will further investigate racial/ethnic differences in the consequences of early childhood adversity and in the protective effects of education resilience factors. This project will entail secondary analysis of data from two ongoing national longitudinal surveys, the Children of the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their mothers from the 1979 cohort of the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Together, they provide unusually rich, “child” data from birth through young adulthood, linked with historical and current maternal data, and including observational data on the home environment, and multiple perspectives on children’s schooling over time. The study is guided by an integrative conceptual model informed by recent advances in child development, education (particularly early childhood education), and substance use epidemiology, and is conducted by a multidisciplinary team from the fields of public health, education, developmental psychology, sociology, and biostatistics. The study applies innovative and state-of-the-art statistical techniques such as multi-group cross-lagged path/structural equation modeling for reciprocal effects, and propensity score methods to test causal moderation. This research will shed new light on lifecourse mechanisms leading to the emergence of substance use disparities, and will identify malleable, education-related factors in different developmental periods that help to promote resilience and reduce the harmful effects of early adversity in diverse groups.

最近的纵向研究表明，成熟的成人健康预测指标实际上可能是 促进健康和脆弱性因素在生命早期就存在。如果这是真的，这就强调了识别 儿童时期的经历和条件对成人健康和健康行为有深远的影响。 广泛的研究已经证明了教育和物质使用问题之间的联系，但迄今为止， 对潜在的因果机制了解有限。一些流行病学家推测， 教育-物质使用关联可能是由未观察到的早期生活因素驱动的，如儿童认知 skills.与此直接相关的是，来自神经科学的越来越多的证据表明，儿童的认知、行为 和社会情感发展可能会受到幼儿期逆境和“有毒压力”的深刻影响- 对儿童的学校经历、教育成就和 生命周期健康，包括远端物质使用结果。根据这项研究的影响， 目前的研究提出，研究纵向途径，从幼儿逆境，以教育和 物质使用的结果在年轻的成年。重要的是，该项目还旨在确定教育复原力 从幼儿期到青春期后期的因素，可以减轻或破坏幼儿期的影响 药物滥用的负面影响鉴于现有的教育不平等， 和累积的不利因素，以及成人物质使用问题的差异，拟议的研究将进一步 调查种族/民族在幼儿期逆境的后果和保护作用方面的差异 教育弹性因素。这一项目将需要对两个正在进行的国家 纵向调查，美国国家青年纵向调查的儿童和他们的母亲， 1979年，美国国家青年纵向调查。它们一起提供了异常丰富的“子”数据 从出生到成年，与历史和当前的孕产妇数据相关联， 家庭环境的数据，以及随着时间的推移对儿童上学的多方面看法。该研究指导 通过一个综合的概念模型，了解儿童发展、教育（特别是 幼儿教育）和物质使用流行病学，并由一个多学科小组进行， 公共卫生、教育、发展心理学、社会学和生物统计学领域。本研究适用 创新和最先进统计技术，如多组交叉滞后路径/结构方程 交互效应模型，以及测试因果适度的倾向评分方法。这项研究将使 对导致出现药物使用差异的生命过程机制的新认识，并将确定 在不同的发展阶段，可塑性，教育相关的因素，有助于提高弹性， 减少早期逆境对不同群体的有害影响。