SEX DIFFERENCES IN FRUIT FLY HEALTH AND SURVIVAL

项目7：果蝇健康和存活的性别差异 该项目有三个组成部分，每个组成部分对应一个具体目标。第一个组件将 使用先进的统计技术和荟萃分析方法进行分析和建模 18年来对地中海果蝇的研究整理了500多万人死亡的人口统计数据 还有墨西哥果蝇。该数据库是最大、最干净、最丰富的人口统计来源之一 任何非人类模式物种的可用数据。尽管几乎所有已发表的研究论文 根据数据库中包含的信息，包括对男性和女性差异的分析，数据 以前从未作为元数据集或明确的目的进行分析，以确定原则 性别和死亡率的差异。开发新的统计技术来分析特定年龄和性别 死亡率数据也将是这一数据库研究组成部分的一部分。第二个组件涉及 使用新开发的高分辨率(细粒度时间尺度)电子监测系统记录 雄性和雌性墨西哥果蝇的日常和终生行为和运动。原始数据，即 从这个系统产生的个体苍蝇将在一系列的行为和“运动”中进行分析 环境，如生活模式，幼蝇和老年苍蝇之间的行为差异，以及雄性和 雌蝇、基于昼夜节律的行为(包括睡眠)和特定年龄运动的变化 速度、曲折指数和地带性偏好等特征。这样做的目的之一是 组件是在整个过程中记录苍蝇健康的明显变化(通过行为变化来解释) 他们的生活，包括获得自然发生的损伤和残疾。第三个组成部分 涉及到关于将交配作为生殖来源的特定性别生殖成本的深入研究 雄性成本以及交配和产卵都是雌性成本的来源。该组件还将 涉及旨在分解生殖成分成本的实验，包括求爱 在雄性和交配和授精，以及实验，以阐明成本 在不同的暴露间隔下，两性都能接触到多个配偶。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 拟议研究的操作概念是，一套原则可以作为基本基础 用于推进与人类老龄化有关的研究和政策制定。我们将整合概念和 从人类生存研究派生到昆虫生存研究的经验方法 对人类的研究以及对死亡率和发病率的性别差异的重要揭示。

Project 7: Sex Differences in Fruit Fly Health and Survival This Project has three components, each of which corresponds to a specific Aim. The first component will involve the use of advanced statistical techniques and methods of meta-analysis to analyze and model demographic data on over 5 million deaths collated from 18 years of studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly and the Mexican fruit fly. This database is one of the largest, cleanest, and richest sources of demographic data available for any non-human model species. Although virtually all of the published research papers based on information contained in the database include analyses of male and female differences, the data have never before been analyzed as a meta-dataset or with the express purpose of identifying the principles for sex-mortality differentials. Development of new statistical techniques for analyzing age- and sex-specific mortality data will also be part of this database research component. The second component involves the use of a newly-developed high resolution (fine-grained time scale) electronic monitoring system to record the daily and lifetime behavior and movement of male and female Mexican fruit flies. The raw data that is generated from this system on individual flies will be analyzed in a range of behavioral and "locomotor" contexts such as lifetime patterns, behavioral differences between young and old flies as well as male and female flies, circadian rhythm-based behaviors (including sleep), and changes in age-specific locomotor characteristics such as velocity, meandering indices, and zonal preferences. One of the goals of this component is to record apparent changes in fly health (as interpreted via behavioral changes) throughout their lives including the acquisition of naturally-occurring impairments and disabilities. The third component involves in-depth studies concerned with sex-specific costs of reproduction using mating as the source of the male costs and both mating and egg production as the sources of female costs. This component will also involve experiments designed to disaggregate the costs of the reproduction constituents including courtship in males and copulation and insemination in both sexes, as well as experiments to elucidate the costs of reproduction in both sexes with access to multiple mates at different exposure intervals. RELEVANCE (Seeinstructions): The operational concept of the proposed research is that a set of principles can serve as a basic foundation for advancing research and developing policy concerned with human aging. We will integrate concepts and empirical approaches derived from survival research on humans into survival research on insects to inform research on humans as well as shed important light on sex differences in mortality and morbidity.