SEX DIFFERENCES IN FRUIT FLY HEALTH AND SURVIVAL

果蝇健康和生存的性别差异

• 批准号: 8531103
• 负责人: JAMES R. CAREY
• 金额: $ 8.11万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8531103
• 关键词: Age; Aging; Amputation; Anastrepha ludens; Behavior; Behavioral; Ceratitis capitata; Cereals; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Circadian Rhythms; Copulation; Courtship; Data; Data Set; Databases; Demography; Development; Differential Mortality; Drosophila genus; Elderly; Electronics; Female; Fertility; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Foundations; Goals; Greek; Guatemalan; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Insecta; Insemination; Leg; Life Tables; Light; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Movement; Paper; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Policies; Production; Publishing; Reproduction; Reproductive Process; Research; Resolution; Sex Characteristics; Sleep; Source; System; Techniques; Time; Yeasts; base; cost; design; disability; egg; end of life; fly; food restriction; indexing; male; mortality; preference; research study; sex

Project 7: Sex Differences in Fruit Fly Health and Survival This Project has three components, each of which corresponds to a specific Aim. The first component will involve the use of advanced statistical techniques and methods of meta-analysis to analyze and model demographic data on over 5 million deaths collated from 18 years of studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly and the Mexican fruit fly. This database is one of the largest, cleanest, and richest sources of demographic data available for any non-human model species. Although virtually all of the published research papers based on information contained in the database include analyses of male and female differences, the data have never before been analyzed as a meta-dataset or with the express purpose of identifying the principles for sex-mortality differentials. Development of new statistical techniques for analyzing age- and sex-specific mortality data will also be part of this database research component. The second component involves the use of a newly-developed high resolution (fine-grained time scale) electronic monitoring system to record the daily and lifetime behavior and movement of male and female Mexican fruit flies. The raw data that is generated from this system on individual flies will be analyzed in a range of behavioral and "locomotor" contexts such as lifetime patterns, behavioral differences between young and old flies as well as male and female flies, circadian rhythm-based behaviors (including sleep), and changes in age-specific locomotor characteristics such as velocity, meandering indices, and zonal preferences. One of the goals of this component is to record apparent changes in fly health (as interpreted via behavioral changes) throughout their lives including the acquisition of naturally-occurring impairments and disabilities. The third component involves in-depth studies concerned with sex-specific costs of reproduction using mating as the source of the male costs and both mating and egg production as the sources of female costs. This component will also involve experiments designed to disaggregate the costs of the reproduction constituents including courtship in males and copulation and insemination in both sexes, as well as experiments to elucidate the costs of reproduction in both sexes with access to multiple mates at different exposure intervals. RELEVANCE (Seeinstructions): The operational concept of the proposed research is that a set of principles can serve as a basic foundation for advancing research and developing policy concerned with human aging. We will integrate concepts and empirical approaches derived from survival research on humans into survival research on insects to inform research on humans as well as shed important light on sex differences in mortality and morbidity.

项目7：果蝇健康和生存的性别差异 该项目有三个组成部分，每个部分对应一个具体目标。第一部分将 涉及使用先进的统计技术和荟萃分析方法来分析和建模 从18年的地中海果蝇研究中整理出的500多万死亡人口统计数据 还有墨西哥果蝇该数据库是最大，最干净，最丰富的人口统计数据来源之一。 数据可用于任何非人类模型物种。尽管几乎所有发表的研究论文 根据数据库中包含的信息，包括对男女差异的分析， 以前从未作为元数据集进行过分析，也没有明确的目的是确定原则 性别-死亡率差异。发展新的统计技术，分析按年龄和性别分列的 死亡率数据也将是这一数据库研究部分的一部分。第二部分涉及 使用新开发的高分辨率（细粒度时间尺度）电子监测系统记录 雄性和雌性墨西哥果蝇的日常和一生的行为和运动。的原始数据 将从一系列行为和“运动”方面对该系统在个体苍蝇上产生的信号进行分析。 背景，如寿命模式，年轻和年老苍蝇之间的行为差异，以及男性和 雌性果蝇、基于昼夜节律的行为（包括睡眠）和年龄特异性运动的变化 速度、蜿蜒指数和地带偏好等特征。其中一个目标是 组件是记录整个过程中苍蝇健康的明显变化（通过行为变化来解释） 他们的生活，包括获得自然发生的损伤和残疾。第三组分 涉及深入的研究，涉及以交配为来源的生殖的性别特异性成本， 雄性的成本以及交配和产卵都是雌性成本的来源。该部分还将 涉及旨在分解包括求爱在内的生殖成分成本的实验 在男性和交配和授精的两性，以及实验，以阐明的成本， 在不同的暴露时间间隔内，两性都能获得多个配偶。 相关性（参见说明）： 拟议研究的操作理念是，一套原则可以作为基本基础 促进研究和制定与人类老龄化有关的政策。我们将整合概念， 从对人类生存研究的经验方法到对昆虫生存研究的经验方法， 对人类的研究以及对死亡率和发病率的性别差异提供了重要的信息。