The Impact and Society Ecology of Bacterial Zoonoses in Northern Tanzania: Under

在坦桑尼亚北方，由人畜共患病原体钩端螺旋体、柯克斯体和布鲁氏菌引起的发热性疾病，比疟疾多11倍。这些病原体可以感染并在广泛的宿主物种中传播。然而，对动物宿主之间的传播模式几乎一无所知，哪些宿主物种负责向人类传播，或者在不同的农业生态环境中人类疾病风险的关键社会，经济和行为决定因素。该项目将整合几个学科的方法，包括社会行为研究，人类发热性疾病监测，以及相关的人类-动物流行病学研究，以生成用于纳入人类疾病风险模型的数据。这些模型，加上对社区风险认知和知识的理解，将使我们能够确定适当的疾病控制和预防战略。知识价值：这一英美联合提案将是对非洲细菌性人畜共患病的影响和社会生态学的第一次综合研究。该项目汇集了医学，兽医，生态学和社会科学研究小组，这些研究小组在坦桑尼亚独立发展，但现在首次合作。这些伙伴关系提供了进行跨学科研究所需的独特专业知识，以弥补知识差距，解决与人畜共患病感染动态和疾病控制有关的广泛问题。这项研究将采用一种与社会科学方法互动的方法，既为流行病学研究提供资料，又以潜在干预战略分析的结果为基础。更广泛的影响：这项研究的范围使我们能够在广泛的农业生态环境中调查疾病生态学，这些环境在非洲农村和城市周边地区具有广泛的代表性。在整个非洲，需要越来越多地关注人畜共患的无差别人类发热性疾病的原因。

In northern Tanzania, febrile disease caused by the zoonotic pathogens, Leptospira, Coxiella and Brucella spp., account for 11 times more febrile admissions than malaria. These pathogens can infect and be transmitted among a wide range of host species. However, almost nothing is known about transmission patterns among animal hosts, which host species are responsible for transmission to humans, or the key social, economic and behavioral determinants of human disease risk in different agro-ecological settings. This project will integrate several disciplinary approaches, including social behavioral studies, human febrile illness surveillance, and linked human-animal epidemiological studies, to generate data for incorporation into models of human disease risk. These models, together with an understanding of community risk perception and knowledge, will allow us to identify appropriate strategies for disease control and prevention. Intellectual merit: This joint UK-US proposal will be the first integrated study of the impact and social ecology of bacterial zoonoses in Africa. This project brings together medical, veterinary, ecology, and social science research groups that have independently become well-established in Tanzania, but are now working together for the first time. These partnerships provide a unique blend of expertise necessary to conduct the inter-disciplinary research needed to address gaps in knowledge addressing the wide-ranging questions related to zoonoses infection dynamics and disease control. The study will incorporate an interactive methodology with social science approaches both feeding into epidemiological studies as well as building on the outputs from analyses of potential intervention strategies. Broader implications: The scope of the study allows us to investigate disease ecology over a wide range of agro-ecological settings broadly typical of much of rural and peri-urban Africa. Across Africa, increasing attention needs to be given to zoonotic causes of non-differentiated human febrile illness.