The Impact and Society Ecology of Bacterial Zoonoses in Northern Tanzania: Under

在坦桑尼亚北部，由人畜共患病病原体钩端螺旋体、柯克斯体和布鲁氏菌引起的发热入院人数是疟疾的11倍。这些病原体可以在广泛的寄主物种之间感染和传播。然而，对于动物宿主之间的传播模式，哪些宿主物种负责向人类传播，或者不同农业生态环境中人类疾病风险的关键社会、经济和行为决定因素，人们几乎一无所知。该项目将整合几种学科方法，包括社会行为研究、人类发烧疾病监测以及人-动物流行病学研究，以生成纳入人类疾病风险模型的数据。这些模型，再加上对社区风险认知和知识的了解，将使我们能够确定适当的疾病控制和预防战略。学术价值：这项英美联合提案将是对细菌性人畜共患病在非洲的影响和社会生态的第一个综合研究。该项目汇集了医学、兽医、生态学和社会科学研究小组，这些小组在坦桑尼亚独立成立，但现在首次合作。这些伙伴关系提供了进行跨学科研究所需的独特专业知识的结合，以解决知识差距，解决与人畜共患病、感染动态和疾病控制有关的广泛问题。这项研究将把互动方法与社会科学方法结合起来，既为流行病学研究提供资料，又以潜在干预战略分析的成果为基础。更广泛的影响：这项研究的范围使我们能够在广泛的农业生态环境中调查疾病生态学，这些环境广泛地代表了非洲大部分农村和城市周边地区。在整个非洲，需要对未区分的人类发热性疾病的人畜共患病原因给予更多关注。

In northern Tanzania, febrile disease caused by the zoonotic pathogens, Leptospira, Coxiella and Brucella spp., account for 11 times more febrile admissions than malaria. These pathogens can infect and be transmitted among a wide range of host species. However, almost nothing is known about transmission patterns among animal hosts, which host species are responsible for transmission to humans, or the key social, economic and behavioral determinants of human disease risk in different agro-ecological settings. This project will integrate several disciplinary approaches, including social behavioral studies, human febrile illness surveillance, and linked human-animal epidemiological studies, to generate data for incorporation into models of human disease risk. These models, together with an understanding of community risk perception and knowledge, will allow us to identify appropriate strategies for disease control and prevention. Intellectual merit: This joint UK-US proposal will be the first integrated study of the impact and social ecology of bacterial zoonoses in Africa. This project brings together medical, veterinary, ecology, and social science research groups that have independently become well-established in Tanzania, but are now working together for the first time. These partnerships provide a unique blend of expertise necessary to conduct the inter-disciplinary research needed to address gaps in knowledge addressing the wide-ranging questions related to zoonoses infection dynamics and disease control. The study will incorporate an interactive methodology with social science approaches both feeding into epidemiological studies as well as building on the outputs from analyses of potential intervention strategies. Broader implications: The scope of the study allows us to investigate disease ecology over a wide range of agro-ecological settings broadly typical of much of rural and peri-urban Africa. Across Africa, increasing attention needs to be given to zoonotic causes of non-differentiated human febrile illness.