The Impact and Society Ecology of Bacterial Zoonoses in Northern Tanzania: Under

在坦桑尼亚北部，由人畜共患病原体钩端螺旋体、科希氏菌和布鲁氏菌引起的发热病例比疟疾多11倍。这些病原体可以感染并在广泛的宿主物种之间传播。然而，对于动物宿主之间的传播模式（哪些宿主物种负责向人类传播），或者不同农业生态环境中人类疾病风险的关键社会、经济和行为决定因素，几乎一无所知。该项目将整合若干学科方法，包括社会行为研究、人类发热性疾病监测和相关的人-动物流行病学研究，以生成数据，纳入人类疾病风险模型。这些模型加上对社区风险认知和知识的了解，将使我们能够确定适当的疾病控制和预防战略。知识价值：这一英美联合提案将是对非洲细菌性人畜共患病的影响和社会生态的第一个综合研究。该项目汇集了医学、兽医、生态学和社会科学研究小组，这些小组在坦桑尼亚已经独立建立，但现在是第一次在一起工作。这些伙伴关系提供了开展跨学科研究所需的独特专业知识，以填补在解决与人畜共患病感染动态和疾病控制有关的广泛问题方面的知识空白。这项研究将结合社会科学方法的互动方法，既纳入流行病学研究，又以分析潜在干预战略的产出为基础。更广泛的影响：这项研究的范围使我们能够在广泛的农业生态环境中调查疾病生态学，这些环境在非洲农村和城郊地区很典型。在整个非洲，需要日益重视引起非分化性人类发热性疾病的人畜共患原因。

In northern Tanzania, febrile disease caused by the zoonotic pathogens, Leptospira, Coxiella and Brucella spp., account for 11 times more febrile admissions than malaria. These pathogens can infect and be transmitted among a wide range of host species. However, almost nothing is known about transmission patterns among animal hosts, which host species are responsible for transmission to humans, or the key social, economic and behavioral determinants of human disease risk in different agro-ecological settings. This project will integrate several disciplinary approaches, including social behavioral studies, human febrile illness surveillance, and linked human-animal epidemiological studies, to generate data for incorporation into models of human disease risk. These models, together with an understanding of community risk perception and knowledge, will allow us to identify appropriate strategies for disease control and prevention. Intellectual merit: This joint UK-US proposal will be the first integrated study of the impact and social ecology of bacterial zoonoses in Africa. This project brings together medical, veterinary, ecology, and social science research groups that have independently become well-established in Tanzania, but are now working together for the first time. These partnerships provide a unique blend of expertise necessary to conduct the inter-disciplinary research needed to address gaps in knowledge addressing the wide-ranging questions related to zoonoses infection dynamics and disease control. The study will incorporate an interactive methodology with social science approaches both feeding into epidemiological studies as well as building on the outputs from analyses of potential intervention strategies. Broader implications: The scope of the study allows us to investigate disease ecology over a wide range of agro-ecological settings broadly typical of much of rural and peri-urban Africa. Across Africa, increasing attention needs to be given to zoonotic causes of non-differentiated human febrile illness.