Neurobiological Mechanisms of Lower Internalizing Disorders in Black Americans

美国黑人较低内化障碍的神经生物学机制

• 批准号: 8687774
• 负责人: DAVID C KNIGHT
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-10 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8687774
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attenuated; Biological; Brain region; Cardiovascular system; Child; Childhood; Communities; Data; Depressive disorder; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Disease; Distress; Economics; Electromyography; Emotions; Environment; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Event; Exposure to; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Hydrocortisone; Interview; Investigation; Life; Link; Low Prevalence; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mood Disorders; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Not Hispanic or Latino; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Physiological; Population Heterogeneity; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Stress; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Violence; base; biological adaptation to stress; caucasian American; clinical Diagnosis; cohort; depressive symptoms; deprivation; early childhood; experience; improved; informant; innovation; neural circuit; neurobiological mechanism; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; peer; programs; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; social; socioeconomics; stressor; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Black Americans carry a disproportionate burden of social risk factors for poor mental health, such as living in violent urban environments and experiencing economic deprivation and discrimination. Despite these risks, Black Americans have lower lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders than Whites. The reasons for Black Americans' resilience to these mental health disorders are unknown. This proposal aims to examine cumulative adversity and subsequent diminished neurobiological stress response as a possible explanation of Black Americans' resilience to anxiety and depression. It also aims to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying this resilience. These aims will be accomplished by conducting research interviews with 1,306 young adults (age 20-21; 60% Black, 40% White; 50% female) from an existing community sample who have been previously assessed three times during childhood and adolescence. These research interviews will provide information on adversity experienced by the participants, categorical diagnoses and dimensional measures of internalizing distress, and physiological indicators of reactivity to stress. Neural bases of stress response will be evaluated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for a subset of 120 Black and 120 White participants from the larger study. This study is innovative because it proposes to test a novel mechanism explaining the resilience of Black Americans to depression and anxiety, incorporates both categorical and dimensional measures of internalizing problems, and examines the role of physiological stress response and regulatory neural circuit in the resilience process. The results will have important implications for our understanding of racial disparities i anxiety and depression, neurobiological mechanisms underlying resilience to stress, and relationships between environmental stress, neural and physiological response, and negative affect. These findings will point to novel ways to diagnose and treat mental health problems in Black and White Americans.

描述（由申请人提供）：与非西班牙裔白人相比，美国黑人承受着不成比例的心理健康不良的社会风险因素负担，例如生活在暴力的城市环境中以及经历经济剥夺和歧视。尽管存在这些风险，美国黑人一生中抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率仍低于白人。美国黑人对这些精神健康障碍具有恢复力的原因尚不清楚。该提案旨在研究累积的逆境和随后减弱的神经生物学压力反应，作为美国黑人对焦虑和抑郁的抵抗力的可能解释。它还旨在研究这种弹性背后的神经机制。这些目标将通过对来自现有社区样本的 1,306 名年轻人（20-21 岁；60% 黑人，40% 白人；50% 女性）进行研究访谈来实现，这些年轻人之前在童年和青少年时期接受过 3 次评估。这些研究访谈将提供有关参与者经历的逆境、内化痛苦的分类诊断和维度测量以及对压力反应的生理指标的信息。大型研究中的 120 名黑人和 120 名白人参与者将通过功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 评估应激反应的神经基础。这项研究具有创新性，因为它提出测试一种解释美国黑人对抑郁和焦虑的恢复力的新机制，结合了内化问题的分类和维度测量，并检查了生理压力反应和调节神经回路在恢复过程中的作用。研究结果将对我们理解焦虑和抑郁等种族差异、压力恢复力背后的神经生物学机制，以及环境压力、神经和生理反应以及负面影响之间的关系产生重要影响。这些发现将为诊断和治疗美国黑人和白人心理健康问题提供新方法。