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Neural mechanisms underlying adaptive optimization of visual sensitivity

视觉敏感性自适应优化的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
8535768
负责人：
THOMAS D ALBRIGHT
金额：
$ 45.24万
依托单位：
SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8535768
关键词：
Behavior Therapy Biological Biological Assay Biology Characteristics Collection Contrast Sensitivity Data Development Environment Equilibrium Event Exhibits Global Change Goals Individual Institutes Knowledge Light Measurement Measures Methods Modeling Motion Motion Perception Neurologic Neurons Outcome Performance Population Distributions Preparation Prevention Primates Process Property Prosthesis Psychophysics Research Resources Sensory Speed Stimulus Structure System Testing Uncertainty Vision Disorders Visual Visual Cortex Visual Motion Visual Perception Visual impairment Visual system structure area MT area V1 design environmental change expectation experience insight neural circuit neuromechanism neurophysiology neuropsychiatry preference process optimization relating to nervous system research study response sensory system spatiotemporal statistics theories visual adaptation

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the fundamental tenets of sensory biology is that sensory systems adapt to environmental change. It has been argued that adaptation should have the effect of optimizing sensitivity to the new environment. To make this premise concrete and precise, the proposed research builds on a normative theory of visual motion perception, which argues that the visual system will adapt optimally by balancing stimulus and measurement uncertainties. This theory makes predictions about visual spatiotemporal sensitivity as a function of environmental statistics: Adaptive optimization should be manifested as a change in spatiotemporal sensitivity for an observer and for the underlying motion-sensitive neurons. The proposed research will test these predictions. The effects of adaptation on visual sensitivity will be examined in the context of the neuronal representation of speed of visual motion. Adaptation using specific speeds will be used as a means to effect a change in environmental statistics. Both perceptual and neuronal consequences of this adaptation will be recorded, with the expectation that sensitivity changes will reflect the modeled process of optimization. The proposed research constitutes a richly interwoven collection of psychophysical, neurophysiological and theoretical approaches to the topic of visual adaptation. Experiments have been designed to yield an unprecedented body of comprehensive data bearing on the spatiotemporal properties of the primate visual system and the effects of environmental change. These data will be used to further understanding of the phenomenology and mechanism of adaptation.

描述（由申请人提供）：感觉生物学的基本原理之一是感觉系统适应环境变化。有人认为，适应应该具有优化对新环境的敏感性的效果。为了使这一前提具体而精确，所提出的研究建立在视觉运动感知的规范理论的基础上，该理论认为视觉系统将通过平衡刺激和测量不确定性来实现最佳适应。该理论将视觉时空敏感性作为环境统计的函数进行预测：自适应优化应该表现为观察者和底层运动敏感神经元时空敏感性的变化。拟议的研究将测试这些预测。适应对视觉敏感性的影响将在视觉运动速度的神经元表征的背景下进行检查。使用特定速度的适应将被用作影响环境统计数据变化的手段。这种适应的感知和神经后果都将被记录，期望灵敏度的变化将反映优化的建模过程。拟议的研究构成了视觉适应主题的心理物理学、神经生理学和理论方法的丰富交织的集合。实验旨在产生前所未有的全面数据，涉及灵长类视觉系统的时空特性和环境变化的影响。这些数据将用于进一步理解现象学和适应机制。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: II. Conceptual and theoretical foundations.

DOI：
10.1037/a0029334
发表时间：
2012-11
期刊：
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
Wagemans, Johan;Feldman, Jacob;Gepshtein, Sergei;Kimchi, Ruth;Pomerantz, James R.;van der Helm, Peter A.;van Leeuwen, Cees
通讯作者：
van Leeuwen, Cees

Paradoxical perception of object identity in visual motion.