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Normalization Model of Attention: Theory, Psychophysics, and Neuroimaging

注意力标准化模型：理论、心理物理学和神经影像学

基本信息

批准号：
8448725
负责人：
MARISA CARRASCO
金额：
$ 35.54万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-04-01 至 2015-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8448725
关键词：
Affect Amblyopia Animal Model Anterior Appearance Area Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autistic Disorder Behavioral Brain Cognition Computational Technique Conflict (Psychology)Development Diagnostic tests Discrimination Disease Dyslexia Electrophysiology (science)Exhibits Experimental Psychology Explosion Eye Feedback Functional Imaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Goals Health Human Image Imaging technology Knowledge Lead Link Literature Macular degeneration Measures Methods Modeling Movement National Eye Institute Neurobehavioral Manifestations Neurons Perception Performance Peripheral Play Population Process Protocols documentation Psychophysics Reporting Research Role Schizophrenia Sensory Signal Transduction Specific qualifier value Stimulus Structure System Testing Theoretical model Translational Research Uncertainty Vision Vision research Visual Visual Cortex Visual Perception Visual Psychophysics Visual attention Visual system structure attentional modulation base human subject magnocellular neglect neuroimaging neurophysiology neuropsychological novel patient population relating to nervous system research study response social theories visual information visual performance visual process visual processing visual stimulus

项目摘要

Project Summary Attention has played a central role in perception research since the dawn of experimental psychology. Over the past 20 years, the neurophysiological basis of visual attention has become an active area of research, and the field of visual psychophysics has developed rigorous methods for measuring and characterizing the effects of attention on visual performance, yielding an explosion of findings. These experiments have documented a bewildering variety of empirical phenomena, some of which appear to be mutually contradictory. One example concerns the interaction between attention and visual stimulus contrast. The results of some experiments suggest that attention increases neuronal responses multiplicatively by applying a fixed response gain factor. Other results suggest a change in contrast gain. Still other results suggest that attention may have a fixed additive effect, which can be approximated as a combination of both response gain and contrast gain changes. These ostensibly contradictory empirical findings have been paralleled by theoretical ideas that have been taken to represent alternative models of attention. We propose to develop and test a computational theory, called the normalization model of attention, and to unify/reconcile various alternative, and seemingly conflicting, empirical findings and theoretical models of the effects of attention on neuronal activity in visual cortex. We aim: (1) to show that the proposed model can exhibit response gain changes, contrast gain changes, and additive-like combinations of response and contrast gain changes, depending on the stimulus conditions and the spread of the attention field; (2) to test the hypothesis that the effect of attention on behavioral performance and perceptual appearance systematically shifts from a change in response gain to contrast gain by manipulating the stimulus size and the spatial extent of the attention field; and (3) to test the hypothesis that attention modulates activity in visual cortex as predicted by the model, and to link attentional modulation of cortical activity (as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging) with attentional modulation of behavioral performance (as measured psychophysically). The proposed research will utilize convergent information gained from various techniques (computational theory, previous electrophysiology experiments, and novel psychophysics and functional imaging experiments) to contribute to our understanding of how the brain processes visual information, how neural activity is related to visual attention and perception, and how visual processing interacts with other brain systems underlying cognition, in particular, attention.

项目总结