Temporal Dynamics of Visual Perception and Attention

视觉感知和注意力的时间动态

• 批准号: 10357758
• 负责人: MARISA CARRASCO
• 金额: $ 38.44万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10357758
• 关键词: Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Computer Models; Costs and Benefits; Data; Derivation procedure; Discrimination; Disease; Dyslexia; Environment; Eye; Goals; Impulsivity; Joints; Knowledge; Link; Magnetoencephalography; Mathematics; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Names; Neurons; Perception; Personality Traits; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Special Population; Stimulus; Stream; Testing; Time; Translational Research; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual attention; Visual system structure; attentional modulation; autism spectrum disorder; behavior prediction; cognitive neuroscience; computing resources; design; innovation; interest; neglect; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; predictive modeling; programs; relating to nervous system; response; sensory input; simulation; spatial vision; spatiotemporal; temporal measurement; theories; visual information; visual processing

Visual information entering the brain is constantly changing. Its interpretation depends on the observers' goals, and on cognitive states that also change in response to current and previous visual input. Yet most of our knowledge of vision deals with spatial vision and spatial attention, and most existing computational models of vision and visual attention are static; they deal with stimuli that are isolated in time. This represents a critical barrier to a comprehensive theory of visual perception and attention. Temporal attention is the prioritized processing of a stimulus at a specific point in time, which can be voluntary, when a stimulus time can be anticipated, or involuntary, when attention is triggered automatically by a stimulus. The impact of temporal attention on perception and sensory cortical responses has been little investigated, despite its indispensable role in our understanding of a constantly changing environment. We propose to fill this critical gap in the cognitive neuroscience of attention. Our long-term goal is to develop a spatiotemporal theory of cortical computation, widely applicable in basic and translational research in perceptual and cognitive neuroscience. Our short-term goal is to investigate temporal attention to understand how perception is shaped by dynamic interactions between sensory input and attentional modulation, and how visual cortical processing underlies such interactions. We propose an innovative theoretical framework, which makes explicit how perception and attention interact across time (Aim 1). Two alternative dynamic models, early-gain vs. late-competition, in which temporal attention modulates different stages of processing, will be tested and constrained with data gathered with innovative experimental protocols, combining behavioral (psychophysics; Aim 2) and neuroimaging (magnetoencephalography, MEG; Aim 3) methods. Because orientation processing is well-characterized psychophysically and neurophysiologically in a static setting, we will use orientation discrimination and estimation tasks to determine the dynamic interactions between perception and attention. The empirical results will significantly advance our understanding of the time-course, perceptual consequences, resource limitations, and underlying neural mechanisms of temporal attention, and will also distinguish between alternative models and constrain model parameters. By integrating theory with behavioral and neuroimaging data, we will characterize how temporal attention dynamically changes perception and neural responses. The proposed research is fully in line with the NEI mission. It investigates how temporal attention modulates brain processing of visual information and how neural activity relates to visual perception. Further, because dynamic attention allocation is a central function of the visual system, the proposed research in healthy observers will be readily applicable to translational research in special populations, and may advance our understanding of abnormalities in temporal processing and temporal attention that have been associated with personality traits, like impulsivity, and prevalent disorders such as ADHD, autism, visual neglect and dyslexia.

进入大脑的视觉信息是不断变化的。它的解释取决于观察者的目标，以及对当前和以前的视觉输入做出反应的认知状态。然而，我们的大部分视觉知识都涉及空间视觉和空间注意力，而大多数现有的视觉和视觉注意力计算模型都是静态的;它们处理的是在时间上孤立的刺激。这代表了视觉感知和注意力的综合理论的关键障碍。时间注意是在特定时间点对刺激的优先处理，当刺激时间可以预期时，时间注意可以是自愿的，或者当刺激自动触发注意时，时间注意可以是非自愿的。尽管时间注意在我们对不断变化的环境的理解中起着不可或缺的作用，但它对知觉和感觉皮层反应的影响却很少被研究。我们建议填补注意力认知神经科学中的这一关键空白。我们的长期目标是发展皮层计算的时空理论，广泛适用于感知和认知神经科学的基础和转化研究。我们的短期目标是研究时间注意力，以了解感知是如何通过感觉输入和注意力调节之间的动态相互作用来塑造的，以及视觉皮层处理如何支持这种相互作用。我们提出了一个创新的理论框架，明确了感知和注意力如何在时间上相互作用（目标1）。两种替代的动态模型，早期增益与后期竞争，其中时间注意调节不同阶段的处理，将进行测试和约束与创新的实验方案收集的数据，结合行为（心理物理学;目标2）和神经成像（脑磁图，MEG;目标3）的方法。由于定向加工在静态环境中具有良好的心理和神经生理特征，因此我们将使用定向辨别和估计任务来确定感知和注意之间的动态相互作用。实证结果将显着推进我们的时间过程，感知后果，资源限制，和潜在的神经机制的时间注意力的理解，也将区分替代模型和约束模型参数。通过将理论与行为和神经成像数据相结合，我们将描述时间注意力如何动态地改变感知和神经反应。拟议的研究完全符合NEI的使命。它研究了时间注意如何调节大脑对视觉信息的处理，以及神经活动如何与视觉感知相关。此外，由于动态注意力分配是视觉系统的核心功能，因此在健康观察者中进行的拟议研究将很容易适用于特殊人群的转化研究，并可能促进我们对时间处理和时间注意力异常的理解，这些异常与个性特征有关，如冲动，以及常见的疾病，如ADHD，自闭症，视觉忽视和阅读障碍。