Linking brain and behavior across and around the visual field

项目摘要 注视中心（中央凹）处的视觉具有高灵敏度和分辨率，在许多情况下促进良好的表现。 任务但是，随着离中央凹偏心距离的增加，性能下降。在任何给定的偏心率 刺激可以沿着圆极角沿着落在任何地方。偏心率和极角都有明显的影响 对成年人感知的影响这些因素为建立紧密的数量联系提供了理想的机会 行为和视觉信息的神经表征之间的联系。我们的长期目标是了解 视觉表现在整个视野中是不同的，以发展一种空间视觉理论，包括神经和 计算机制与偏心率，极角和个人的性能变化。等 一个理论将适用于感知和认知神经科学的基础和转化研究。我们 我建议研究神经和计算因素是否以及如何明显限制了跨 观察员，偏心率和极角。我们的假设是大脑皮层放大率的变化 可辨别性作为偏心率、极角和观察者的函数，这些影响由以下因素介导： 噪音、效率和感官调节的不同组合。拟议的心理物理[目标1]和 神经成像[目标2]测量将表征内部/神经噪声和感觉/神经调谐， 偏心率和围绕极角，并且将约束对比敏感度的计算观察者模型， 敏锐度任务[目标3]。 除了提高我们对视觉感知和认知神经科学的认识， 将使我们能够预测人类的表现。偏心率和极坐标的表征 角度对于人机工程学和人的因素应用以及对于公共健康具有重要意义。为 例如，它对于在视觉的不同位置呈现信息的用户界面至关重要。 领域我们可以将我们的知识扩展到现实世界的显示器，例如导航和驾驶舱警报系统， 汽车中的控制面板布局、计算机辅助检测系统和用于呈现放射图像的软件。 此外，所获得的知识可以帮助人工图像识别系统的设计。此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 理解不同年龄段表现差异的潜在神经和计算机制， 视野将改善我们的视觉功能障碍模型（例如，黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎），如 以及这些疾病的诊断。

Project Summary Vision at the center of gaze (fovea) has high sensitivity and resolution, facilitating good performance in many tasks. But performance worsens with increasing distance from fovea–eccentricity. At any given eccentricity stimuli can fall anywhere along the circle –polar angle. Both eccentricity and polar angle have pronounced effects on perception in human adults. These factors present an ideal opportunity for establishing tight quantitative links between behavior and neural representations of visual information. Our long-term goal is to understand how visual performance varies across the visual field, to develop a theory of spatial vision that includes the neural and computational mechanisms underlying performance variation with eccentricity, polar angle and individuals. Such a theory will be applicable to basic and translational research in perceptual and cognitive neuroscience. We propose to investigate whether and how neural and computational factors distinctly limit discriminability across observers, eccentricity and polar angle. Our overall hypothesis is that variability in cortical magnification limits discriminability as a function of eccentricity, polar angle and observer, and that these effects are mediated by different combinations of noise, efficiency and sensory tuning. The proposed psychophysical [Aim 1] and neuroimaging [Aim 2] measures will characterize internal/neural noise and sensory/neural tuning across eccentricity and around polar angle, and will constrain a computational observer model of contrast sensitivity and acuity tasks [Aim 3]. In addition to advancing our knowledge of visual perception and cognitive neuroscience, the proposed research will enable us to make predictions about human performance. The characterization of eccentricity and polar angle has significant implications for ergonomic and human factors applications as well as for public health. For example, it is of critical importance for user-interfaces that present information at different locations of the visual field. We can extend our knowledge to real-world displays, such as navigation and cockpit alerting systems, control panel layouts in cars, computer-aided detection systems, and software for presenting radiological images. Furthermore, the gained knowledge can aid the design of artificial image recognition systems. In addition, understanding the underlying neural and computational mechanisms of performance differences across the visual field will improve our models of visual dysfunction (e.g., macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa), as well as the diagnosis of these disorders.