Mechanisms of vaccinia virus dissemination

痘苗病毒传播机制

• 批准号: 8568531
• 负责人: HERVE F AGAISSE
• 金额: $ 23.46万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-16 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8568531
• 关键词: Actins; Adaptor Signaling Protein; Address; Boxing; Cell membrane; Cell physiology; Cells; Complex; Cytoskeleton; Disease Outbreaks; Docking; EPHA8 gene; Environment; Event; Family; Family member; Foundations; Genetic; Goals; Image; Infection; Intracellular Membranes; Investigation; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Light; Link; Mediating; Membrane; Membrane Proteins; Molecular; Monkeypox; Orthopoxvirus; Pathogenesis; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases; Poxviridae; Preventive Intervention; Production; Protein Tyrosine Kinase; Proteins; RNA Interference; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Recruitment Activity; Research; Role; Satellite Viruses; Seminal; Signal Transduction; Site; Smallpox; Smallpox Viruses; Tail; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Tyrosine; Vaccines; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus; Vaccinium; Viral; Viral Proteins; Virus; base; cell motility; cellular imaging; design; disorder prevention; driving force; epizootic; extracellular; insight; microbial; pathogen; polymerization; programs; public health relevance; receptor; src-Family Kinases; trans-Golgi Network; transmission process; virus genetics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Orthopoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae includes both the causative agent of smallpox, variola virus, and the vaccine strain used for smallpox eradication, Vaccinia virus. Even though naturally occurring smallpox has been successfully eradicated, we need to better understand the mechanisms supporting Orthopoxviruses dissemination in light of potential bioterrorist attacks and/or outbreaks of epizootic infections (monkeypox). The life cycle of Orthopoxviruses relies on the production of two infectious forms, the intracellular mature viruses (IMV) and the extracellular viruses (EV). EV is formed through wrapping of IMV in double membranes derived from the trans-Golgi network. The fusion of the outer membrane of EV to the plasma membrane leads to formation of cellular-associated EV (CEV). A central event in CEV dissemination is phosphorylation of the viral protein A36 by non-receptor tyrosine kinases of the Src family. A36 phosphorylation on tyrosine residues creates docking sites for the adaptor proteins Nck1 and Grb2. These adaptors mediate the recruitment of N- WASP, which mediates the recruitment and activation of the actin nucleator ARP2/3. In contrast to the molecular machinery leading to actin tail formation, the identity of the putative receptor tyrosine kinase mediating Src activation is unknown. Moreover, the identity of the viral protein that may engage this putative receptor is unknown as well. To address this gap in knowledge, we have combined our extensive expertise in the mechanisms supporting actin-based motility, high-throughput imaging and large-scale RNAi-based genetic investigation. In this R21 exploratory application, we propose (Aim1) to determine the receptor tyrosine kinase(s) involved in actin tail formation and (Aim2) to determine the viral protein(s) engaging receptor tyrosine kinase signaling at the plasma membrane. These exploratory studies may provide mechanistic insight into molecular and cellular processes relevant to the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by pathogens that exploit the actin cytoskeleton for their dissemination.

性状（由申请方提供）：痘病毒科正痘病毒属包括天花病原体天花病毒和用于根除天花的疫苗株牛痘病毒。尽管自然发生的天花已被成功根除，但我们需要更好地了解支持正痘病毒传播的机制，以应对潜在的生物恐怖袭击和/或动物流行病感染（猴痘）的爆发。正痘病毒的生命周期依赖于两种感染形式的产生，即细胞内成熟病毒（IMV）和细胞外病毒（EV）。EV是通过将IMV包裹在来自trans-Golgi网络的双膜中形成的。EV的外膜与质膜融合导致细胞相关EV（CEV）的形成。CEV传播的中心事件是Src家族的非受体酪氨酸激酶对病毒蛋白A36的磷酸化。酪氨酸残基上的A36磷酸化为衔接蛋白Nck 1和Grb 2产生对接位点。这些衔接子介导N-WASP的募集，N-WASP介导肌动蛋白成核剂ARP 2/3的募集和活化。与导致肌动蛋白尾形成的分子机制相反，推定的受体酪氨酸激酶介导Src激活的身份是未知的。此外，可能与这种假定受体结合的病毒蛋白的身份也是未知的。为了解决这一知识缺口，我们结合了我们在支持肌动蛋白运动机制，高通量成像和大规模RNAi遗传研究方面的广泛专业知识。在R21的探索性应用中，我们提出（Aim 1）确定参与肌动蛋白尾形成的受体酪氨酸激酶，（Aim 2）确定参与质膜受体酪氨酸激酶信号传导的病毒蛋白。这些探索性的研究可能会提供机制的深入了解分子和细胞过程相关的治疗和预防疾病所引起的病原体，利用肌动蛋白细胞骨架的传播。