SEX DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH AND SURVIVAL IN THE DANISH POPULATION

项目2：丹麦人口在健康和生存方面的性别差异 残疾是老年死亡率的有力预测因素。男性的身体残疾程度低于年龄- 与雌性相匹配，它们的死亡率仍然要高得多。目前的项目旨在阐明 男性和女性之间健康-生存联系差异的基础是使用 丹麦独特的数据资源，包括对双胞胎和整个丹麦人的大型纵向调查 1905年的今天，队列。由于与健康相关的选择性无反应是老年人研究中的一个主要偏差，因此 该项目将补充与丹麦统计局全国登记册的联系，包括信息 关于社会经济地位以及队列中所有个人的药物、住院和死亡情况 在研究中--包括无应答者。 这些广泛的数据集最初将被用来评估健康-生存悖论的程度 由于健康的定义和健康是如何衡量的。我们的主要假设是健康生存 矛盾的部分原因是从“不健康状态”到死亡或“健康状态”的转化率不同。 对于男性和女性来说，更多的是变化率而不是功能水平来预测 老年人和高龄老人之间的生存。该数据集还使我们能够测试健康的男性 有问题的人比有类似健康问题的女性更不可能参与调查，以及是否有 男性更不愿意就医。 这一P01的国际范围使我们能够评估所观察到的性别差异的程度 在丹麦、美国和亚洲的人口中是恒定的。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 男性比女性更健康，但死得更早，这是真的吗？如果是，原因何在？这项研究项目致力于 这些问题涉及到人类健康与生存的悖论。调查结果将提供更深层次的 理解健康和生存方面的性别差异的基础，以及社会和 特别是，卫生专业人员必须改善男性和女性的健康和生存。

Project 2: Sex Differences in Health and Survival in the Danish Population Disabilities are strong predictors of mortality at older ages. Males are less physically disabled than age- matched females and still they have substantially higher mortality. The current project aims to shed light on the basis for the difference in the health-survival association between males and females through the use of unique data resources in Denmark consisting of large longitudinal surveys of twins and the entire Danish 1905-cohort. Because health related selective non-response is a major bias in studies of the elderly, this project will be supplemented with a linkage to Statistics Denmark's nationwide registers including information on socio-economic status as well as on medication, hospitalization and death for all individuals in the cohorts under study - including thenon-responders. These extensive data sets will initially be used to assess to what extent the health-survival paradox is due to the definition of health and how health is measured. Our main hypotheses are that the health-survival paradox is partly due to different transition rates from an "unhealthy state" to either death or "a healthy state" for males and females and that it is more the rate-of-change than the level of functioning that is predictive of survival among the elderly and the oldest-old. The dataset also enables us to test whether males with health problems are less likely to participate in surveys than females with similar health problems and whether there is more reluctance among males to seek medical treatment. The international scope of this P01 enables us to assess to what extent the observed sex differences are constant across populations in Denmark, USA, and Asia. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? This research project addresses these questions concerning the human health-survival paradox. Findings will provide a deeper understanding of the basis for sex differences in health and survivaland of the opportunities society and particularly health professionals have to improve health and survival for both males and females.