Bioptic driving by visually impaired

视障人士的生物光学驾驶

• 批准号: 8699632
• 负责人: Gang Luo
• 金额: $ 39.77万
• 依托单位: SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8699632
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Age; Area; Automobile Driving; Blindness; Classification; Communities; Control Groups; Data; Detection; Devices; Dimensions; Engineering; Ensure; Environment; Eye; Eyeglasses; Guidelines; Knowledge; Laboratories; Legal; Licensing; Life; Matched Group; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Policy Maker; Quality of life; Records; Regulation; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Rural; Safety; Sampling; Scientist; Scotoma; Solutions; Specialist; Surveys; System; Systems Analysis; Techniques; Testing; Training; Training Programs; Transportation; Vision; Vision Tests; Visual Acuity; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visually Impaired Persons; age related; arm; base; blind; computerized; design; driving behavior; evidence base; experience; hazard; improved; instructor; monocular; novel; older driver; programs; research study; screening; skills; suburb; user-friendly

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the US, 80% of the older people living in rural and suburban areas, and driving is their principle means of transportation. Many older drivers are forced to cease driving due to age-related vision loss, which may greatly restrict their independence and mobility. There seems to be an "easy" and legal solution in 39 states for them to prolong their driving privilege - using the spectacle-mounted bioptic telescopes. In more than 20 states, they simply need to pass the vision test with the telescope in order to renew their licenses. If the problem of vision loss could be solved simply by using bioptic telescopes, it would greatly help to maintain the independence and the quality of life in older age. Otherwise, it could jeopardize the safety of bioptic drivers as well as other people on the road. Bioptic driving, however, is not well understood, and its safety is still a highly controversial issue. Limited studies on bioptic driving accidents have been inconsistent, and it cannot be determined from accident records whether the accidents were due to using the bioptic or not using the bioptic. How bioptic telescopes are actually used in driving, how they should be used, and whether their use results in better or worse driving performance have not been well established based on scientific data. Existing knowledge and training guidelines are based on self-reports from the bioptic drivers and opinions from professionals. Two critical aspects that need to be addressed are the lack of knowledge about bi-ocular visual perception when the bioptic is used and the impact of bioptics on driving safety. Two arms of research are proposed by a team of driving researchers, low vision scientists, driving professionals, rehabilitation specialists, and engineers to address the centerpieces in the bioptic driving debate. One arm is to study bioptic drivers' behaviors and driving performance based on their natural daily driving activities, using a long-term in-car recording system, computerized screening techniques, and user friendly off-line reviewing interfaces that we have developed. Novice bioptic users with prior driving experience will be tested before and after bioptic training. Bioptic drivers will be compared with normally sighted control group based on natural driving and survey. The relationship between bioptic use and driving performance will also be analyzed. Another arm is to specifically investigate the impact of device scotoma on hazard detection in laboratory settings and a driving simulator. In those precisely controlled experiments, detection of realistic hazard appearing in the device scotoma due to bioptic use will be evaluated. The long term objective is to answer the question "Is it safe to drive with bioptic?". It is expected that the knowledge gained from the proposed studies may help to understand underlying factors of bioptic driving, prescribe appropriate bioptic telescopes, design better bioptic system, and develop training programs.

描述（申请人提供）：在美国，80%的老年人生活在农村和郊区，开车是他们的主要交通方式。 许多老年驾驶员由于年龄相关的视力下降而被迫停止驾驶，这可能会极大地限制他们的独立性和流动性。 在39个州，似乎有一个“简单”和法律的解决方案可以延长他们的驾驶特权--使用安装在支架上的活检望远镜。 在20多个州，他们只需要通过望远镜的视力测试，就可以更新他们的视力。 许可证 如果视力丧失的问题可以简单地通过使用活检望远镜来解决，这将大大有助于维持老年人的独立性和生活质量。 否则，它可能危及bioptic司机以及道路上其他人的安全。 然而，Bioptic驾驶还没有得到很好的理解，其安全性仍然是一个极具争议的问题。 关于活检驾驶事故的有限研究不一致，无法从事故记录中确定事故是否是由于使用活检或不使用活检造成的。 如何在驾驶中实际使用双视望远镜，它们应该如何使用，以及它们的使用是否会导致更好或更差的驾驶性能，这些都没有基于科学数据得到很好的确定。 现有的知识和培训指南是基于活检驱动程序的自我报告和专业人士的意见。 需要解决的两个关键方面是缺乏有关使用活检时双眼视觉感知的知识以及活检对驾驶安全性的影响。 由驾驶研究人员、低视力科学家、驾驶专业人士、康复专家和工程师组成的团队提出了两个研究方向，以解决活检驾驶辩论的核心问题。 一方面是研究bioptic司机的行为和驾驶性能的基础上，他们的自然日常驾驶活动，使用 长期的车内记录系统，计算机化的筛选技术，和用户友好的离线审查界面，我们已经开发。 具有驾驶经验的新手活检用户将在活检培训前后进行测试。 将基于自然驾驶和调查的Bioptic驾驶员与正常视力对照组进行比较。 活检的使用和驾驶性能之间的关系也将进行分析。 另一个分支是专门研究设备暗点对实验室环境和驾驶模拟器中危险检测的影响。 在这些精确控制的实验中，将评价由于活检使用而出现在器械暗点中的现实危险的检测。 长期的目标是回答这个问题：“用活检开车安全吗？". 预计从拟议的研究中获得的知识可能有助于了解活检驱动的潜在因素，规定适当的活检望远镜，设计更好的活检系统，并制定培训计划。