Psychosocial and Health-Related Influences on Response Time Inconsistency in Old

心理社会和健康相关对老年人反应时间不一致的影响

• 批准号: 8570420
• 负责人: Robert Steven Stawski
• 金额: $ 21.47万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-16 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8570420
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Basic Science; Behavioral; Blood Vessels; Brain; Brain Pathology; Characteristics; Clinical Research; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Consensus; Coupled; Data; Data Set; Dementia; Disease; Distress; Functional disorder; Health; Individual; Individual Differences; Link; Literature; Measurement; Nervous System Physiology; Neuraxis; Pain; Participant; Pattern; Persons; Process; Psyche structure; Psychosocial Influences; Reaction Time; Reporting; Research; Risk Factors; Stress; Structure; Time; Variant; Work; age related; base; chronic pain; cognitive function; cost; design; improved; innovation; neuroregulation; novel; psychosocial; public health relevance; pulmonary function; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent research has identified trial-to-trial variability in response time (RT) latencies, termed RT inconsistency, an important behavioral indicator of normal cognitive function, cognitive aging, and as a potential early indicator of cognitive pathology, and brain and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Empirical and theoretical work has suggested that RT inconsistency may reflect relatively innocuous fluctuations in cognitive processing efficiency, as well as more deleterious compromises in brain and CNS function, and that RT inconsistency is susceptible to state-like and trait-like psychosocial- (increased stress/distress) and health- (increased pain, chronic health/disease conditions) related influences. However, little research has systematically disambiguated state-like and trait-like variation in RT inconsistency, or directly examined associations with psychosocial- and health-related risk factors for increased RT inconsistency in old age. These issues represent critical challenges for understanding the broad utility of RT inconsistency as a behavioral indicator of brain health, and the potentially-modifiable psychosocial- and health-related forces that influence cognitive aging. Our project draws on data from three measurement burst studies of RT-based cognitive aging (ages 65 and older) for investigating psychosocial and health-related influences on state-like and trait- like variation in RT inconsistency, and the association between RT inconsistency and cognitive function during old age. This study will address three aims: Aim 1 examines the psychosocial- (i.e., stress, affect) and health- (i.e., pain, vascular function, pulmonary function)-related influences on RT inconsistency within-persons over time and between-persons; Aim 2 examines the influence of psychosocial and health-related factors on aging- related changes in RT inconsistency; and Aim 3 examines between- and within-person variation in RT inconsistency and the use of different quantifications of RT inconsistency. The significance of this work lies in the improved understanding of: 1.) potentially modifiable psychosocial- and health-related risk factors for increased RT inconsistency and cognitive aging; and 2.) RT inconsistency as a brief, low cost and sensitive behavioral marker of both state- and trait-like fluctuations in cognitive and brain function. The innovation of this work includes: 1.) moving beyond traditional group/individual difference approaches to explicitly consider RT inconsistency as a labile construct influenced by psychosocial- and health-related factors; and 2.) the coordinated analysis of our aims across three datasets to provide a rigorous examination of the reliability and generalizability of results, and to provide a consensus on the operational definition of RT inconsistency. The impact of this work derives from improving our understanding of the modifiable psychosocial- and health- related influences that may have immediate and cumulative effects on cognitive health, and the identification of a brief, low-cost, behavioral marker (RT inconsistency) of cognitive health sensitive to state- and trait-like influences with potential utility in clinical and basic research settings.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的研究已经确定了反应时间（RT）延迟的试验间变异性，称为RT不一致性，RT不一致性是正常认知功能、认知老化的重要行为指标，也是认知病理学以及脑和中枢神经系统（CNS）功能障碍的潜在早期指标。经验和理论研究表明，RT不一致可能反映认知处理效率的相对无害的波动，以及大脑和CNS功能的更有害的妥协，RT不一致易受状态和特质的心理社会（增加压力/痛苦）和健康（增加疼痛，慢性健康/疾病状况）相关影响。然而，很少有研究系统地消除了状态和特质的RT不一致的变化，或直接检查与社会心理和健康相关的风险因素增加RT不一致的老年协会。这些问题代表了理解RT不一致性作为大脑健康行为指标的广泛用途以及影响认知老化的潜在可修改的心理社会和健康相关力量的关键挑战。我们的项目利用了三项基于RT的认知老化（65岁及以上）测量突发研究的数据，以调查社会心理和健康相关对RT不一致性中状态样和特质样变化的影响，以及RT不一致性与认知老化之间的关系。 RT不一致性与老年认知功能之间的关系。本研究将解决三个目标：目标1检查心理社会-（即，压力，影响）和健康-（即，疼痛、血管功能、肺功能）相关的影响;目的2检验心理社会和健康相关因素对RT不一致性中的老化相关变化的影响;目的3检验RT不一致性中的人与人之间和人与人之间的变化以及RT不一致性的不同量化的使用。这项工作的意义在于提高对以下问题的认识：1）潜在的可改变的心理社会和健康相关的风险因素增加RT不一致性和认知老化;和2.）RT不一致性作为认知和脑功能中状态和特质样波动的简短，低成本和敏感的行为标记。本文的创新点包括：1.超越传统的群体/个体差异方法，明确将RT不一致视为受心理社会和健康相关因素影响的不稳定结构; 2.）协调分析我们的目标，在三个数据集，以提供一个严格的检查结果的可靠性和普遍性，并提供一个共识的RT不一致的操作定义。这项工作的影响来自于提高我们对可改变的心理社会和健康相关影响的理解，这些影响可能对认知健康产生直接和累积的影响，以及识别对状态和特质影响敏感的认知健康的简短，低成本，行为标记（RT不一致性），其在临床和基础研究环境中具有潜在的实用性。