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Behavioral Persistence: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Studies

行为持久性：基础、转化和临床研究

基本信息

批准号：
8608570
负责人：
JOHN ANTHONY NEVIN
金额：
$ 33.15万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-04-10 至 2016-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8608570
关键词：
Adaptive Behaviors Address Adverse effects Aftercare Aggressive behavior Animal Model Animals Attention Basic Science Behavior Behavior Therapy Behavioral Child Clinical Clinical Research Columbidae Communication Controlled Study Development Developmental Disabilities Effectiveness Elements Ensure Extinction (Psychology)Floor Frequencies Human Individual Intellectual functioning disability Intervention Mental Retardation Methods Modeling Myristica fragrans National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Outcome Participant Persons Population Problem behavior Procedures Psychological reinforcement Public Health Publishing Relapse Relative (related person)Reporting Research Research Project Grants Resistance Self-Injurious Behavior Sensory Series Stimulus Testing Training Translational Research Work alternative treatment analog animal data base behavior change behavior prediction clinical application clinically significant effective therapy intellectual and developmental disability interest prevent public health relevance reinforcer response skills theories translational study treatment strategy

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Clinical applications of reinforcement-based treatments for problem behavior in persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities reduce the frequency of problem behavior by reinforcing an explicit desirable alternative (DRA), making reinforcers contingent on the absence of problem behavior (DRO), or providing reinforcers independently of responding (NCR). Although these methods can be highly effective in reducing the frequency of problem behavior to low levels within the treatment context, they can also have the perverse effect of increasing the persistence of problem behavior if some aspect of the context is altered or if lapses in treatment integrity occur. This clinically problematic outcome is predicted by behavioral momentum theory, which proposes that the frequency and persistence of behavior are separately determined by response-reinforcer contingencies such as DRA, DRO, or NCR, and by the overall rate of reinforcers obtained in the setting (which is increased by presenting alternative reinforcers according to any contingency). This project will evaluate the extent to which different contingencies for presenting alternative reinforcers (Specific Aim 1) and the rate of alternative reinforcers (Specific Aim 2) contribute to the persistence of problem behavior. In addition, it will develop methods that may reduce the persistence of problem behavior by arranging that desirable alternative behavior is reinforced in a separate setting, elements of which may then be brought into the treatment setting to reduce the frequency of problem behavior (Specific Aim 3), or by making access to that separate setting contingent on the absence of problem behavior (Specific Aim 4). Studies addressing each of these aims will be conducted with animal subjects in controlled experimental conditions modeled on those in which basic research on behavioral momentum originated. These studies will be repeated with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in translational settings employing arbitrary responses analogous to problem and alternative behavior to ensure applicability of the animal data to the clinical population. Clinical interventions addressing significant problem behavior in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities will apply the most effective methods identified in basic and translational studies. Coordination of these studies within a single research project and the integration of their findings across the full range from basic research to clinical application will contribute importantly to effective treatment.

描述(由申请人提供)：对智力和发育障碍患者的问题行为进行强化治疗的临床应用，通过加强明确的可取替代方案(DRA)，使增强剂视问题行为的缺乏而定(DRO)，或提供独立于反应的增强剂(NCR)，从而减少问题行为的发生率。虽然这些方法可以非常有效地将问题行为的频率降低到治疗环境中的低水平，但如果环境的某些方面发生变化或治疗完整性发生失误，它们也可能产生增加问题行为持久性的反常效果。这一临床上有问题的结果是由行为动量理论预测的，该理论认为行为的频率和持续性分别由DRA、DRO或NCR等响应增强剂的偶发事件和在环境中获得的增强剂的总体比率决定(通过根据任何偶发事件提供替代增强剂来增加)。本项目将评估提出替代增强剂的不同应急措施(具体目标1)和替代增强剂的比率(具体目标2)在多大程度上有助于问题行为的持续存在。此外，它还将开发可减少问题行为持续性的方法，方法是安排在单独的环境中加强理想的替代行为，然后可将其中的元素纳入治疗环境，以减少问题行为的频率(具体目标3)，或通过以不存在问题行为为条件进入该单独的环境(具体目标4)。针对这些目标的研究将在受控实验条件下与动物受试者一起进行，这些受控实验条件模仿了行为动力基础研究的起源。这些研究将在翻译环境中对智力和发育障碍儿童重复进行，采用类似于问题和替代行为的任意反应，以确保动物数据适用于临床人群。针对智力和发育障碍儿童的重大问题行为的临床干预将采用基础研究和翻译研究中确定的最有效的方法。在一个单一的研究项目中协调这些研究，并在从基础研究到临床应用的整个范围内整合它们的研究结果，将对有效的治疗做出重要贡献。