Microneedle-based Transdermal Sensing of Electrolytes: Towards A Metabolic Panel-

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The metabolic panel has emerged as the standard line of inquiry for initial screening as well as follow-up assessment in the healthcare domain. Administered via blood draw in the clinical setting, the metabolic panel consists of assessing 14 unique blood-borne analytes indicative of renal and hepatic function, electrolyte and fluid balance, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and hypertension. Despite the clinical utility of the metabolic panel, the process of drawing blood is inconvenient, painful, and can only provide a snapshot of the patient's metabolic function at a particular moment in time, thereby limiting its utility for monitoring chronic conditions. However, in order to be effective, treatment of chronic conditions entails a concerted and proactive effort to manage healthcare throughout the daily routine, which would be substantially enhanced if circulating metabolite and electrolyte levels were able to be quantified on a continuous (rather than intermittent) basis. This project aims to address the above limitations of a conventional metabolic panel via the development of a "Metabolic-Panel-on-A-Chip". The proposed device leverages our team's latest innovations in electrochemistry, 3D-printing, conducting polymers, and surface functionalization to tender the real-time profile of blood-based electrolytes in a minimally-invasive, pain-free fashion, thereby leading to substantially improved clinical outcomes among the general population as well as those afflicted with chronic disease. Expected outcomes from this research project include: (1) the development of minimally-invasive microneedle arrays containing electrochemical transducers that exhibit chemical selectivity towards sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions and (2) the ability to fabricate the said microneedle arrays employing high-throughput, low- cost 3D-printing methods. This agglomerates innovative techniques for the functionalization of the microneedle contingents and relies on the development of ion-selective membranes in connection with novel methods of electrochemical transduction. The salient features of this transdermal biosensor platform include high sensitivity, stability, selectivity, simplicity, versatility, and robustness at a price that is amenable to widespread healthcare adoption. The proposed microneedle array biosensor will thus fill a long-standing void by enabling the healthcare provider to record, archive, and assess the metabolic response of the patient to the administration of various medical treatments, medications, and therapies, resulting in improved management of chronic disease.