Project 5: Phytorermediation of Pollutants Using Transgenic Plants

项目5：利用转基因植物修复污染物

• 批准号: 8845300
• 负责人: Stuart E Strand
• 金额: $ 1.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-09 至 2015-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8845300
• 关键词: Air; Amendment; Beds; Benzene; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Candidate Disease Gene; Carbon Tetrachloride; Categories; Cell Culture Techniques; Chloroform; Chlorpyrifos; Clinical; Collaborations; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Diazinon; Environment; Equilibrium; Excision; Exposure to; Flowers; Fractionation; Funding; Gene Expression Profile; Genes; Genetic; Genetically Modified Plants; Health; Hepatic; Home environment; Human; Irrigation; Isotope Labeling; Left; Mammals; Measurement; Metabolism; Methods; Microarray Analysis; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Motivation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neurotoxins; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Parathion; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Phenotype; Pheretima sieboldi; Plant Genes; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants; Poison; Predisposition; RNA Interference; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk; Safety; Sarin; Site; Soil; Soman; Stomas; Superfund; Surface; Testing; Therapeutic Uses; Tissues; Toxic effect; Toxin; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Transgenic Plants; Trees; Trichloroethylene; Water; Work; Yeasts; aqueous; aryldialkylphosphatase; dechlorination; exposed human population; fusicoccin; nerve agent; neurotoxic; overexpression; oxidation; plant growth/development; pollutant; prevent; remediation; research study; response; uptake; volatile organic compound

Exposure to toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) continues to pose a significant risk to human health. VOCs such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride (CT) and trichloroethylene (TCE), along with benzene and other single-ring aromatics are among the most common contaminants in water and air. These compounds share a susceptibility to oxidation by the mammalian hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1. In past NIEHS-funded work at UW, we have demonstrated that TCE and CT are oxidized by axenic poplar cell cultures using a pathway similar to that in mammals, and that wild-type poplar are able to take up and degrade TCE and CT. Our work has led to the realization that TCE and CT uptake by wild-type plants is too weak to significantly reduce their concentration in root zone water, providing motivation for the development of plants with increased degradative activity toward VOCs. Toward this end we have expressed mammalian cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in plants, achieving orders of magnitude greater oxidation of TCE in transgenic poplar. We are presently engaged in testing TCE degradation by wild-type and CYP2E1 transgenic poplar at field scale in a test bed facility capable of mass balance measurements. In this application we propose the following specific aims: compare the abilities of wild-type and existing CYP2E1 transgenic poplar lines to degrade TCE, CT, and PCE in field tests; identify genes that are up-regulated by the presence of pollutants; clone and analyze the plant genes involved in the degradation of TCE and its metabolites; determine the metabolites of TCE and benzene in CYP2E1 transgenic poplar; increase the uptake of VOCs from the air by increasing the number of open stomata on leaf surfaces; express the organophosphorus hydroxylase, paraoxonase PON1, in plants for the degradation of organophosphate neurotoxins; and determine the ecotoxicity to earthworms of root materials, leaf litter and rhizosphere soil of CYP2E1 transgenic plants exposed to VOCs.

接触有毒挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）继续对人类健康构成重大风险。氯仿、四氯化碳（CT）和三氯乙烯（TCE）等挥发性有机化合物以及苯和其他单环芳烃是水和空气中最常见的污染物。这些化合物都容易被哺乳动物肝细胞色素P450 2E1氧化。在过去在华盛顿大学的niehs资助的工作中，我们已经证明了TCE和CT通过与哺乳动物相似的途径被无性杨树细胞培养氧化，并且野生型杨树能够吸收和降解TCE和CT。