项目5：利用转基因植物修复污染物-猫眼课题宝

项目5：利用转基因植物修复污染物

批准号：

8254488

负责人：

Stuart E Strand

金额：

$31.87万

依托单位：

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

依托单位国家：

美国

项目类别：

财政年份：

2011

资助国家：

美国

项目状态：

已结题

起止时间：

2011-04-07 至 2014-03-31

来源：

https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8254488

关键词：

Air Amendment Beds Benzene Biological Assay Biological Markers Candidate Disease Gene Carbon Tetrachloride Categories Cell Culture Techniques Chloroform Chlorpyrifos Clinical Collaborations Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Diazinon Environment Equilibrium Excision Exposure to Flowers Fractionation Funding Gene Expression Profile Genes Genetic Genetically Modified Plants Health Hepatic Home environment Human Irrigation Isotope Labeling Left Mammals Measurement Metabolism Methods Microarray Analysis Mixed Function Oxygenases Motivation National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Neurotoxins Organophosphates Organophosphorus Compounds Oryctolagus cuniculus Parathion Pathway interactions Pesticides Phenotype Pheretima sieboldi Plant Genes Plant Leaves Plant Roots Plants Poison Predisposition RNA Interference Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Safety Sarin Site Soil Soman Stomas Superfund Surface Testing Therapeutic Uses Tissues Toxic effect Toxin Transgenes Transgenic Organisms Transgenic Plants Trees Trichloroethylene Water Work Yeasts aqueous aryldialkylphosphatase dechlorination exposed human population fusicoccin nerve agent neurotoxic overexpression oxidation plant growth/development pollutant prevent remediation research study response uptake volatile organic compound

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Exposure to toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) continues to pose a significant risk to human health. VOCs such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride (CT) and trichloroethylene (TCE), along with benzene and other single-ring aromatics are among the most common contaminants in water and air. These compounds share a susceptibility to oxidation by the mammalian hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1. In past NIEHS-funded work at UW, we have demonstrated that TCE and CT are oxidized by axenic poplar cell cultures using a pathway similar to that in mammals, and that wild-type poplar are able to take up and degrade TCE and CT. Our work has led to the realization that TCE and CT uptake by wild-type plants is too weak to significantly reduce their concentration in root zone water, providing motivation for the development of plants with increased degradative activity toward VOCs. Toward this end we have expressed mammalian cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in plants, achieving orders of magnitude greater oxidation of TCE in transgenic poplar. We are presently engaged in testing TCE degradation by wild-type and CYP2E1 transgenic poplar at field scale in a test bed facility capable of mass balance measurements. In this application we propose the following specific aims: compare the abilities of wild-type and existing CYP2E1 transgenic poplar lines to degrade TCE, CT, and PCE in field tests; identify genes that are up-regulated by the presence of pollutants; clone and analyze the plant genes involved in the degradation of TCE and its metabolites; determine the metabolites of TCE and benzene in CYP2E1 transgenic poplar; increase the uptake of VOCs from the air by increasing the number of open stomata on leaf surfaces; express the organophosphorus hydroxylase, paraoxonase PON1, in plants for the degradation of organophosphate neurotoxins; and determine the ecotoxicity to earthworms of root materials, leaf litter and rhizosphere soil of CYP2E1 transgenic plants exposed to VOCs.

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