Inhibition of an apical cAMP/cGMP transporter(MRP4)in the gut induces diarrhea

描述（由申请人提供）：本持续支持申请将重点研究囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子（CFTR）、多药耐药蛋白4（MRP 4）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）之间的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用如何促进溃疡性结肠炎（UC）中观察到的结肠炎症状。我们的统一假设是，CFTR、NHERF 2、MRP 4和iNOS在UC中肠上皮细胞的质膜处或附近形成大分子复合物，并且该大分子复合物是在UC中观察到的腹泻的致病过程所需的。具体而言，我们提出，在UC中，iNOS在肠上皮细胞的质膜上过表达，导致产生持续高水平的一氧化氮（NO），其触发NO-cGMP通路并产生区室化cGMP。由于iNOS与CFTR、NHERF 2和MRP 4在质膜处或附近形成大分子复合物，因此这种NO依赖性区室化cGMP触发CFTR氯离子通道的超活化，从而引起腹泻表型。大分子复合物的破坏将消除iNOS依赖性cGMP产生和CFTR Cl-通道功能的功能偶联。该提案的具体目标是：具体目标1。为了检验iNOS在UC影响的人肠上皮细胞中过表达的假设，并检验其是否与CFTR和MRP 4偶联并上调CFTR Cl-通道功能。检验以下假设：iNOS、CFTR和MRP 4在肠上皮细胞质膜处或附近形成大分子复合物，并且该大分子复合物是UC中观察到的腹泻致病过程所必需的。这些研究不仅有助于我们更好地了解UC常见腹泻症状的机制，而且可能为疾病的治疗干预提供新的靶点和方法。因此，本申请中提出的研究将对许多患有UC的个体以及患有某些形式的分泌性胃炎的个体具有临床相关性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application for continued support will focus on studying how protein-protein interactions among the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contribute to the diarrheal symptom observed in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Our unifying hypothesis is that CFTR, NHERF2, MRP4 and iNOS form a macromolecular complex at or near the plasma membrane in gut epithelial in UC and this macromolecular complex is required for the pathogenic process of diarrhea observed in UC. Specifically, we proposed that iNOS is overexpressed at the plasma membrane of gut epithelia in UC, resulting in the production of sustained high level of nitric oxide (NO) which triggers NO-cGMP pathway and generates compartmentalized cGMP. Since iNOS forms a macromolecular complex with CFTR, NHERF2 and MRP4 at or near the plasma membrane, this NO-dependent compartmentalized cGMP triggers the hyperactivation of CFTR chloride channels and thus causes diarrhea phenotype. Disruption of the macromolecular complex will abolish the functional coupling of iNOS-dependent cGMP generation and CFTR Cl- channel function. The specific aims of this proposal are: Specific Aim 1. To test the hypothesis that iNOS is overexpressed in UC-affected human gut epithelia and to test whether it is coupled to CFTR and MRP4 and upregulates CFTR Cl- channel function Specific Aim 2. To test the hypothesis that iNOS, CFTR, and MRP4 form a macromolecular complex at or near the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells and that this macromolecular complex is required for the pathogenic process of diarrhea observed in UC. The proposed studies will not only help us better understand the mechanisms underlying the diarrhea symptom commonly observed in UC, but probably provide novel targets and methods for therapeutic interventions of the disease. Therefore, the studies proposed in this application will have clinical relevance for many individuals suffering from UC and also for those suffering from certain forms of secretory diarrheas.